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Table 2 Multivariable associations of maternal diabetes/glycosuria with offspring USS and blood-based markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (N = 1 215 or 2 359 as indicated)

From: Association of maternal diabetes/glycosuria and pre-pregnancy body mass index with offspring indicators of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

 

No diabetes or glycosuria (reference)

Diabetes/glycosuria

P value

USS fatty liver

 

N

18/1 153a

7/62a

 

Model 1

1

9.07 (3.53, 23.30)

<0.001

Model 2

1

6.74 (2.47, 18.40)

<0.001

Model 3

1

6.57 (2.38, 18.10)

<0.001

Model 4

1

6.72 (1.89, 24.00)

0.003

USS liver volume

 

N

1 153

62

 

Model 1

1

1.04 (0.98, 1.11)

0.20

Model 2

1

1.03 (0.96, 1.09)

0.45

Model 3

1

1.02 (0.96, 1.08)

0.57

Model 4

1

1.01 (0.95, 1.08)

0.70

USS shear velocity

 

N

1 153

62

 

Model 1

1

1.11 (1.06, 1.16)

<0.001

Model 2

1

1.10 (1.05, 1.15)

<0.001

Model 3

1

1.09 (1.05, 1.15)

<0.001

Model 4

1

1.08 (1.04, 1.13)

0.001

ALT

 

N

2 270

89

 

Model 1

1

1.04 (0.95, 1.14)

0.40

Model 2

1

1.03 (0.94, 1.13)

0.50

Model 3

1

1.04 (0.94, 1.13)

0.44

Model 4

1

1.01 (0.93, 1.11)

0.76

AST

 

N

2 270

89

 

Model 1

1

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

0.38

Model 2

1

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

0.32

Model 3

1

1.03 (0.98, 1.10)

0.27

Model 4

1

1.03 (0.97, 1.09)

0.37

GGT

 

N

2 270

89

 

Model 1

1

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

0.43

Model 2

1

1.03 (0.95, 1.11)

0.50

Model 3

1

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

0.43

Model 4

1

1.01 (0.94, 1.09)

0.77

Haptoglobin

 

N

2 270

89

 

Model 1

1

0.98, (0.87, 1.10)

0.73

Model 2

1

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

0.57

Model 3

1

0.97 (0.86, 1.09)

0.62

Model 4

1

0.95 (0.84, 1.07)

0.42

  1. USS Ultrasound scan, ALT alanine amino transferase, AST aspartate amino transferase, GGT gamma- glutamyltransferase
  2. anumerator represents the number of offspring with USS fatty liver
  3. Model 1: adjusted for offspring age at outcome assessment and gender
  4. Model 2: (confounder adjusted) as model 1 plus additional adjustment for maternal age, parity, maternal alcohol intake, highest household manual social class and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI
  5. Model 3: (confounder and mediator adjusted) as model 2 plus additional adjustment for birthweight for gestational age (z scores)
  6. Model 4: (confounder and mediator adjusted) as model 2 plus additional adjustment for DXA-assessed fat mass, height and height squared
  7. All estimates are geometric means (95%CI) except for the estimate for USS fatty liver (yes/no) which is an OR (95%CI)
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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