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Table 1 Multivariate analysis of the factors associated with pricesd of pediatric antiretrovirals

From: An analysis of volumes, prices and pricing trends of the pediatric antiretroviral market in developing countries from 2004 to 2012

 

ALL (n = 15,162)

Originator (n = 5362)

Generic (n = 9800)

Estimate

95 % CI

Estimate

95 % CI

Estimate

95 % CI

Years (Analysis performed in comparison to 2004)

2005

−0.06

[−0.14, 0.02]

0.00

[−0.10, 0.09]

−0.13

[−0.27, 0.00]

2006

−0.21c

[−0.29, −0.13]

−0.14b

[−0.24, −0.04]

−0.30c

[−0.44, −0.17]

2007

−0.33c

[−0.40, −0.26]

−0.1c

[−0.28, −0.10]

−0.46c

[−0.58, −0.34]

2008

−0.45c

[−0.52, −0.38]

−0.27c

[−0.36, −0.19]

−0.56c

[−0.68, −0.44]

2009

−0.49c

[−0.56, −0.41]

−0.33c

[−0.43, −0.23]

−0.60c

[−0.73, −0.47]

2010

−0.50c

[−0.57, −0.43]

−0.29c

[−0.38, −0.19]

−0.62c

[−0.75, −0.50]

2011

−0.45c

[−0.53, −0.38]

−0.45c

[−0.56, −0.35]

−0.50c

[−0.62, −0.38]

2012

−0.48c

[−0.56, −0.41]

−0.52c

[−0.63, −0.41]

−0.54c

[−0.66, −0.41]

Geographical regions (Analysis performed in comparison to sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa)

East Asia and Pacific

−0.03

[−0.07, 0.02]

0.26c

[0.17, 0.35]

−0.11c

[−0.16, −0.06]

Europe and Central Asia

0.28c

[0.22, 0.33]

0.66c

[0.56, 0.76]

0.08a

[0.02, 0.14]

Latin America and the Caribbean

0.07b

[0.02, 0.11]

0.31c

[0.23, 0.38]

0.00

[−0.05, 0.05]

Middle East and North Africa

0.08

[0.00, 0.17]

0.29c

[0.14, 0.44]

−0.05

[−0.14, 0.05]

South Asia

−0.13c

[−0.20, −0.06]

0.13

[−0.18, 0.44]

−0.13c

[−0.21, −0.06]

South Africa

−0.23c

[−0.29, −0.18]

−0.71c

[−0.81, −0.61]

0.24c

[0.17, 0.31]

Income group (Analysis done in comparison to low income countries)

Lower-middle income countries

0.04b

[0.02, 0.07]

0.14c

[0.09, 0.20]

0.02

[−0.01, 0.05]

Upper-middle income countries

0.17c

[0.12, 0.22]

0.48c

[0.39, 0.58]

0.02

[−0.04, 0.07]

Formulation type (Analysis done in comparison with single ARVs)

Double

0.01

[−0.04, 0.05]

0.10c

[0.05, 0.16]

−0.35c

[−0.42, −0.29]

Triple

−0.08b

[−0.15, −0.02]

  

−0.48c

[−0.56, −0.40]

Effects of competition and volume

1 additional manufacturer

−0.04c

[−0.04, −0.03]

−0.02c

[−0.03, −0.01]

−0.08c

[−0.09, −0.07]

Log(quantity purchased)

−0.10c

[−0.10, −0.09]

−0.11c

[−0.12, −0.10]

−0.10c

[−0.10, −0.09]

Market segment (analysis done in comparison to generic)

Originator

0.72c

[0.70, 0.75]

 

Adjusted R2

0.35

0.20

0.16

Sum of squared residuals

7413

2497

4404

  1. asignificance level 0.05
  2. bsignificance level 0.01
  3. csignificance level 0.001
  4. dCurrent USD