Table 3 Risk factors for mortality in singletons and twins in the neonatal (0–28 days) and post-neonatal period (29–365 days) period in the Basse HDSS, The Gambia, 2009–2013

Sex

Boys

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.459

Girls

0.81

0.67–0.97

0.81

0.67–0.98

0.99

0.58–1.70

1.01

0.59–1.72

Ethnicity

Serahule

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.455

Fula

1.06

0.83–1.35

1.01

0.85–1.39

1.69

0.75–3.84

1.69

0.74–3.83

Mandinka

1.11

0.90–1.38

1.13

0.91–1.41

1.20

0.55–2.62

1.21

0.55–2.63

Season of birth ^e

Wet

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.194

Dry

0.79

0.65–0.95

0.78

0.64–0.94

1.20

0.65–2.21

1.19

0.65–2.21

Access to clean water ^f

Yes

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.231

No

0.96

0.72–1.29

0.96

0.71–1.28

1.65

0.73–3.73

1.63

0.71–3.75

Birth order

1

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.339

2+

0.82

0.68–0.99

0.79

0.64–0.98

1.15

0.60–2.20

1.01

0.57–2.14

Birth intervals ^g

≧2 years

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.258

<2 years

1.06

0.78–1.44

1.24

0.88–1.73

2.03

0.81–5.10

2.15

0.86–5.36

SES index ^h

Poor

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.236

Middle

0.80

0.63–1.02

0.80

0.63–1.02

0.55

0.24–1.25

0.57

0.25–1.30

Wealthy

0.76

0.57–1.01

0.77

0.56–1.06

0.47

0.15–1.49

0.46

0.14–1.46

Sex

Boys

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.064

Girls

0.96

0.80–1.14

0.95

0.80–1.14

1.78

0.92–3.43

1.81

0.94–3.49

Ethnicity

Serahule

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.382

Fula

1.36

1.08–1.71

1.36

1.08–1.70

0.56

0.24–1.33

0.55

0.23–1.30

Mandinka

1.35

1.10–1.65

1.33

1.09–1.63

0.72

0.33–1.59

0.75

0.34–1.65

Season of birth ^e

Wet

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.030

Dry

0.87

0.73–1.03

0.86

0.72–1.02

1.86

0.95–3.66

1.86

0.95–3.65

Access to clean water ^f

Yes

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.042

No

0.80

0.59–1.07

0.77

0.57–1.04

1.91

0.84–4.36

1.92

0.84–4.42

Birth order

1

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.221

2+

0.88

0.74–1.04

0.91

0.76–1.10

0.58

0.30–1.14

0.59

0.30–1.16

Birth intervals ^g

≧2 years

1 (reference)

0.804

<2 years

1.22

0.94–1.60

1.42

1.07–1.88

1.09

0.71–0.31

3.91

0.33–4.35

SES index ^h

Poor

1 (reference)

1 (reference)

0.182

Middle

0.77

0.62–0.97

0.80

0.64–1.01

2.15

0.95–4.87

2.14

0.94–4.88

Wealthy

0.64

0.48–0.85

0.67

0.49–0.90

1.80

0.57–5.60

1.77

0.57–5.54