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Table 1 Demographic, anthropometric and metabolic data

From: Neck circumference as a predictor of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and low-grade systemic inflammation in children: the ACFIES study

 

Total (n = 669)

Girls (n = 318)

Boys (n = 351)

Age (years)a

11.52 ± 1.13

11.52 ± 1.10

11.51 ± 1.16

SBP (mmHg)a

114.51 ± 11.59

113.29 ± 11.72

115.58 ± 11.38b

DBP (mmHg)a

73.78 ± 9.47

73.66 ± 8.97

73.86 ± 9.93

Anthropometric measuresa

   

 Weight (kg)

40.08 ± 10.07

40.33 ± 9.77

39.86 ± 10.35

 Height (m)

1.45 ± 0.09

1.45 ± 0.08

1.44 ± 0.09b

 BMI (kg/m2)

18.87 ± 3.61

18.81 ± 3.52

18.93 ± 3.68

 WC (cm)

65.95 ± 9.73

64.86 ± 9.02

66.92 ± 10.24b

 WHR

0.84 ± 0.08

0.81 ± 0.06

0.86 ± 0.09b

 WHtR

0.45 ± 0.06

0.44 ± 0.06

0.46 ± 0.06b

 NC (cm)

29.93 ± 2.39

28.40 ± 2.06

29.41 ± 2.55b

 %BF-BIA

20.47 ± 7.50

22.71 ± 6.89

18.43 ± 7.46b

 %BF-Skinfold

25.47 ± 11.37

24.63 ± 9.10

26.23 ± 13.04b

 Z-score BMI (kg/m2)

-0.0004 ± 0.98

-0.0008 ± 0.98

-5.45-7 ± 0.98

 Z-score WC (cm)

-0.038 ± 0.99

4.88-8 ± 0.99

-0.073 ± 0.99b

Biochemical measurementsa

   

 FPG (mg/dl)

88.52 ± 12.56

87.87 ± 12.32

89.12 ± 12.76

 TC (mg/dl)

159.23 ± 39.28

158.25 ± 39.04

160.13 ± 39.53

 HDL-C (mg/dl)

75.34 ± 19.96

74.57 ± 19.82

76.04 ± 20.08

 TG (mg/dl)

91.76 ± 52.37

94.07 ± 46.79

89.67 ± 56.97b

 hs-CRP (mg/dl)

0.89 ± 1.62

0.88 ± 1.52

0.89 ± 1.71

 Insulin (lU/ml)

2.58 ± 2.61

2.91 ± 2.91

2.29 ± 2.26b

 HOMA-IR

0.57 ± 0.58

0.64 ± 0.66

0.50 ± 0.50b

Weight status (n - %)d

   

 o Underweight

29 (4.4)

9 (2.9)

20 (5.8)

 o Normal weight

479 (72.8)

240 (77.2)

239 (68.9)

 o Overweight

85 (12.9)

42 (13.5)

43 (12.4)

 o Obese

65 (9.8)

20 (6.4)

45 (12.9)

Tanner stage (n - %)e

   

 o 1

368 (56.3)

149 (47.8)

219 (64.0)c

 o 2

208 (31.8)

110 (35.3)

98 (28.7)

 o 3

78 (11.9)

53 (16.9)

25 (7.3)

  1. SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, NC neck circumference, %BF-BIA body fat percentage – bioelectrical impedance analysis, %BF-Skinfold body fat percentage – skinfolds, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein
  2. aData are presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. bMann-Whitney test p < 0.05. cPearson’s chi-squared test (Chi2) p <0.05
  3. ddata missing for 11 participants
  4. edata missing for 15 participants