Table 3 Factors associated with anemia among 6–59 months aged children in Bangladesh
Simple Logistic Regression | Multivariable Logistic Regression | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | OR | 95 % CI | P-value | OR | 95 % CI | P-value |
Household characteristics | ||||||
Number of HH members | ||||||
≤4 | 1 | - | - | - | ||
5-8 | 1.05 | 0.87-1.28 | 0.582 | - | - | - |
≥9 | 0.99 | 0.76-1.28 | 0.923 | - | - | - |
Number of under-5 children | ||||||
One | 1 | - | - | - | ||
More than one | 1.01 | 0.85-1.20 | 0.907 | - | - | - |
Number of living children | ||||||
1 | 1 | |||||
2 | 0.80 | 0.65-0.99 | 0.043 | 1.01 | 0.78-1.31 | 0.929 |
3 | 0.89 | 0.69-1.14 | 0.351 | 1.13 | 0.81-1.56 | 0.473 |
>3 | 0.92 | 0.72-1.18 | 0.499 | 1.19 | 0.81-1.74 | 0.381 |
Toilet facilities | ||||||
Improved | 1 | 1 | ||||
Non-improved | 1.34 | 1.13-1.59 | <0.001 | 1.03 | 0.83-1.27 | 0.811 |
Water source | ||||||
Improved | 1 | 1 | ||||
Non-improved | 2.30 | 1.25-4.44 | <0.01 | 2.48 | 1.28-5.02 | <0.01 |
Wealth index | ||||||
Poor | 1 | 1 | ||||
Middle | 0.76 | 0.61-0.93 | <0.01 | 0.74 | 0.57-0.95 | 0.018 |
Rich | 0.56 | 0.45-0.69 | <0.001 | 0.66 | 0.48-0.92 | 0.013 |
Parental characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age (years) | ||||||
<20 | 1 | 1 | ||||
20-29 | 0.50 | 0.38-0.66 | <0.01 | 0.76 | 0.54-1.07 | 0.122 |
30-39 | 0.46 | 0.34-0.63 | <0.01 | 0.71 | 0.46-1.10 | 0.123 |
≥40 | 0.52 | 0.30-0.90 | 0.019 | 0.68 | 0.34-1.38 | 0.286 |
Maternal education | ||||||
No education | 1.78 | 1.22-2.61 | <0.01 | 1.23 | 0.71-2.14 | 0.468 |
Primary | 1.86 | 1.30-2.67 | <0.01 | 1.15 | 0.69-1.92 | 0.589 |
Secondary | 1.72 | 1.21-2.46 | <0.01 | 1.10 | 0.70-1.75 | 0.670 |
Higher | 1 | 1 | ||||
Father's education | ||||||
No education | 1.45 | 1.09-1.94 | 0.010 | 1.02 | 0.66-1.56 | 0.943 |
Primary | 1.73 | 1.30-2.30 | <0.001 | 1.25 | 0.84-1.85 | 0.276 |
Secondary | 1.47 | 1.10-1.96 | <0.01 | 1.24 | 0.86-1.80 | 0.252 |
Higher | 1 | 1 | ||||
Maternal anemia | ||||||
Anemic | 1.93 | 1.62-2.29 | <0.001 | 1.80 | 1.49-2.18 | <0.001 |
Not anemic | 1 | 1 | ||||
Mother’s BMI | ||||||
<18.5 kg/m2 | 1.43 | 1.19-1.72 | <0.001 | 1.07 | 0.86-1.33 | 0.554 |
≥18.5 kg/m2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Child’s characteristics | ||||||
Sex of children | ||||||
Male | 1 | - | - | - | ||
Female | 0.92 | 0.78-1.09 | 0.320 | - | - | - |
Age of the children (months) | ||||||
6-23 months | 3.31 | 2.73-4.02 | <0.001 | 3.01 | 2.38-3.81 | <0.001 |
24-59 months | 1 | 1 | ||||
Size of children at birth | ||||||
Large | 1 | - | - | - | ||
Average | 0.89 | 0.69-1.13 | 0.341 | - | - | - |
Small | 0.89 | 0.66-1.20 | 0.448 | - | - | - |
Continuous breastfeeding | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 2.13 | 1.78-2.55 | <0.001 | 1.18 | 0.95-1.47 | 0.143 |
Diarrhea in last 2 weeks | ||||||
No | 1 | - | - | - | ||
Yes | 1.20 | 0.83-1.75 | 0.328 | - | - | - |
Fever in last 2 weeks | ||||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.28 | 1.07-1.52 | <0.01 | 1.13 | 0.93-1.37 | 0.229 |
Stunting | ||||||
No (HAZ ≥ −2 SD) | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes (HAZ < −2 SD) | 1.41 | 1.19-1.68 | <0.001 | 1.38 | 1.13-1.69 | <0.01 |
Under-weight | ||||||
No (WAZ ≥ −2 SD) | 1 | - | - | - | ||
Yes (WAZ < −2 SD) | 1.10 | 0.92-1.31 | 0.306 | - | - | - |
Wasting | ||||||
No (WHZ ≥ −2 SD) | 1 | - | - | - | ||
Yes (WHZ < −2 SD) | 0.96 | 0.76-1.21 | 0.723 | - | - | - |
Community characteristics | ||||||
Place of residence | ||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | ||||
Rural | 1.21 | 1.01-1.46 | 0.039 | 0.93 | 0.74-1.17 | 0.517 |
Division | ||||||
Barisal | 1 | 1 | ||||
Chittagong | 0.77 | 0.56-1.07 | 0.120 | 0.72 | 0.50-1.05 | 0.087 |
Dhaka | 0.64 | 0.46-0.89 | <0.01 | 0.63 | 0.43-0.92 | 0.016 |
Khulna | 0.83 | 0.58-1.19 | 0.309 | 0.97 | 0.64-1.45 | 0.865 |
Rajshahi | 0.68 | 0.48-0.97 | 0.035 | 0.74 | 0.49-1.10 | 0.135 |
Rangpur | 0.97 | 0.69-1.38 | 0.878 | 0.94 | 0.64-1.40 | 0.769 |
Sylhet | 0.66 | 0.47-0.91 | 0.012 | 0.61 | 0.41-0.89 | 0.011 |