Table 1 Characteristics of infants and mothers, growth and neurodevelopmental assessment according to nutrition
Duration of exclusive breastfeeding (Group) | P a | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of infants | 0–1 month (Formula fed) | >1 month (Breastfed) | |
Number at inclusion | 32 | 48 | |
Number at 6 months | 26 | 40 | |
Gender (M) [n (%)] | 13 (50) | 20 (50) | 1 |
Birth weight (g) | 2458 ± 294b | 2561 ± 224 | 0,12 |
Gestational age (weeks) | 36.9 (1.9) | 37.3 (1.8) | 0,42 |
Premature [n (%)] | 10 (39) | 16 (40) | 0,90 |
SGA [n (%)] | 7 (30) | 13 (33) | 0,63 |
Twins [n (%)] | 10 (39) | 4 (10) | 0,006 |
Exclusive breastfeed (months) | 0 (0)c | 5 (3.4, 5.4) | 0,02 |
Folate and iron supplementation [n (%)]d | 16 (62) | 14 (35) | 0,03 |
Multivitamin supplementation [n (%)]e | 11 (42) | 12 (30) | 0,31 |
Characteristics of mothers | |||
BMI prior to pregnancy (kg/m2) | 23.7 (4.0) | 22.5 (3.3) | 0.19 |
Higher education [n (%)]f | 10 (42) | 28 (70) | 0,03 |
Plasma MMA μmol/l at 6 months | 0.15 (0.13–0.18) | 0.18 (0.16–0.21) | 0.01 |
Plasma tHcy μmol/l at 6 months | 7.17 (5.91–9.69) | 7.86 (7.05–10.95) | 0.10 |
Growth and neurodevelopment at 6 month | |||
Weight (g) | 7256 ± 646 | 7019 ± 894 | 0,25 |
Weight gain (g)g | 4797 ± 750 | 4458 ± 907 | 0,10 |
AIMS (score) | 24 (22, 27) | 21 (18, 25) | 0,03 |
AIMS (percentile) | 50–75 (25–50, 75) | 25–50 (25, 50) | 0,01 |
ASQ, communication (score) | 48 (40, 50) | 45 (35, 50) | 0.35 |
ASQ, gross motor (score) | 40 (35, 49) | 35 (25, 40) | 0.01 |
ASQ, fine motor (score) | 50 (36, 60) | 35 (30, 50) | 0.06 |
ASQ, problem solving (score) | 50 (50, 60) | 50 (40, 58) | 0.22 |
ASQ, personal-social (score) | 45 (35, 50) | 45 (35, 53) | 0.66 |