A randomized controlled trial of an intervention for infants’ behavioral sleep problems

BMC Pediatrics

Table 6 Comparison of intervention and control group by caregiver on psychological variables at 6 weeks

Variable & caregivers	Sleep intervention		Safety control		Baseline adjusted difference	95 % confidence interval	P value
	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	n
Fatigue MAF^a
Primary caregiver	19.3 (8.1)	108	23.5 (9.2)	105	−4.2	−6.45 to −1.96	<.001
Secondary caregiver	18.1 (8.1)	98	21.1 (9)	99	−2.7	−4.90 to −0.50	.02
Depression CES-D^b
Primary caregiver	9.1 (7.9)	108	12.5 (8.4)	106	−2.87	−4.81 to −0.93	.004
Secondary caregiver	9.7 (7.5)	98	11.5 (9.7)	100	−0.77	−2.89. to 1.36	.48
Sleep quality PSQI^c
Primary caregiver	6.2 (3.1)	108	7.1 (3.4)	107	−0.88	−1.70 to −0.06	.04
Secondary caregiver	5.1 (2.8)	98	5.9 (3.1)	95	−0.72	−1.45 to 0.01	.05
Cognitions MCISQ^d
Sleep doubts^e
Primary caregiver	4.6 (3.5)	108	5.9 (4)	107	−1.56	−2.43 to −0.68	<.001
Secondary caregiver	3.9 (3.7)	97	5.1 (4.1)	98	−1.26	−2.14 to −0.39	.005
Sleep anger^f
Primary caregiver	5 (3.3)	108	6.6 (4.2)	107	−1.37	2.25 to - 0.50	.002
Secondary caregiver	5.3 (2.9)	97	6.3 (3.3)	98	−0.75	1.54 to 0.31	.06
Sleep and feeding^g
Primary caregiver	4.5 (3.6)	108	6 (3.3)	107	−1.59	2.41 to - 0.77	<.001
Secondary caregiver	3.2 (3.2)	97	4.4 (3.2)	98	−1.4	2.19 to - 0.61	<.001
Setting sleep limits^h
Primary caregiver	10.8 (4.8)	108	13.5 (5.2)	107	−2.63	−3.80 to −1.47	<.001
Secondary caregiver	9.2 (4.8)	97	11.1 (4.9)	98	−2	−3.12 to −0.88	<.001
Sleep safetyⁱ
Primary caregiver	2.2 (2)	108	2.5 (2.2)	107	−0.42	0.91 to 0.07	.09
Secondary caregiver	1.7 (2)	97	2 (2.3)	98	−0.3	0.80 to 0.20	.25

^aMultidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale (global score range 1–50; higher scores indicate greater fatigue)
^bCentre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Measure (score range 0–60, higher scores indicate worse depression)
^cPittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (global score range 0–21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality)
^dMaternal Cognitions about Infant Sleep Questionnaire (higher scores indicate more parent difficulty)
Subscale score range for: ^eDoubts about managing sleep = 0–25, ^fAnger about infant sleep = 0–25
^gManaging infant sleep and feeding = 0–15, ^hSetting infant sleep limits = 0–25, ⁱInfant sleep safety = 0–10. The means were adjusted for baseline

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