Table 1 Topics addressed during teaching sessions

Information about infants’ patterns (cognitions)

 ▪ Infants have developmental shifts

 ▪ Infant feeding requirements at night

 ▪ Sleep-wake-feed-play and usual sleep patterns and typical sleep progression

 ▪ Infant behaviors associated with sleep types and tiredness cues

Negative Sleep Associations (cognitions)

 ▪ Movement to sleep

 ▪ Feeding to sleep

 ▪ Putting an infant to bed asleep

 ▪ Reactive co-sleeping

Unrealistic expectations about sleep (cognitions)

 ▪ Less napping and late bedtimes will promote night sleep

 ▪ Nap and bedtimes do not matter

 ▪ Parents’ approaches can differ

Effects of sleep loss on infants and parents (cognitions)

 ▪ Associations between behavioral sleep problems and infant growth and development

 ▪ Associations between sleep disturbance, parental mood, confidence, and problem-solving

Strategies to Reduce Night Waking (behaviors)

 ▪ Daytime, bedtime, and naptime routines

 ▪ Minimal stimulation before bed

 ▪ Feeding 20 min prior to settling

 ▪ Controlled comforting with periodic checking

 ▪ Avoid reactive co-sleeping