Author; reference (ref), BIA system | N (Male), age range y (n) | Age (y) | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | FFM predictive equations | Statistics and cross-validation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | Mean (sd) | ||||
Equations based on healthy non-obese children, adolescents and/or adults | ||||||
Deurenberg’91 [18] ref: underwater weighing; BIA-101 (RJL) | 827 (361 M), 7−15y (n = 166) | 28 (17) | 169.6 (14.3) | 64.8 (17.2) | ≤15y: 0.406*104*(H(m)2/Imp) + 0.360 W + 5.58H(m) + 0.56SEX – 6.48 | R2 = 0.97, SEE = 1.68 |
16-83y (n = 661) |  |  |  | ≥16y: 0.340 * 104 * (H(m)2/Imp) + 15.34H(m) + 0.273 W – 0.127AGE + 4.56SEX – 12.44 | R2 = 0.93, SEE = 2.63 | |
Deurenberg’90 [21] ref: underwater weighing; BIA101 (RJL) | 246 (130 M); 10-15y: 71 M | 12.8 (1.5) | 159.0 (1.2) | 47.2 (11.8) | 0.438*104*(H(m)2/R) + 0.308 W + 1.6SEX + 7.04H(m) – 8.5 | r = 0.99, SEE = 2.39 |
20Â F | 10.7 (1.0) | 144.1 (7.7) | 35.0 (6.5) | |||
16-25y: 41Â M | 21.6 (2.8) | 183.2 (6.3) | 73.1 (5.9) | |||
75Â F | 17.6 (3.6) | 168.3 (6.7) | 57.9 (9.5) | |||
Houtkooper [19] ref: deuterium dilution; BIA101 (RJL) | 95 (53 M),10-14y | 12.3 (1.2) | 153.6 (10.6) | 47.0 (11.3) | 0.61(H2/R) + 0.25 W + 1.31 | R2 = 0.95, SEE = 2.1 |
Kyle [23] ref: DXA; BIA: Xitron4000b | 343 (202 M); 22-94y, 20-29y; 21 M |  | 178.7 (6.8) | 75.2 (9.8) | −4.104 + 0.518(H2/R) + 0.231 W + 0.130Reac + 4.229SEX | r = 0.986, SEE = 1.72 |
22Â F | Â | 165.4 (4.0) | 61.7 (6.0) | |||
30-39y; 77Â M | Â | 178.2 (7.1) | 79.1 (10.6) | |||
29Â F | Â | 166.4 (6.0) | 61.8 (6.4) | |||
40-49y 36Â M | Â | 177.3 (7.3) | 81.5 (8.1) | |||
13Â F | Â | 164.0 (6.7) | 63.1 (9.9) | |||
50-59y; 15Â M | Â | 176.1 (4.9) | 82.4 (10.5) | |||
11Â F | Â | 163.7 (5.3) | 67.1 (11.7) | |||
60-69y; 11Â M | Â | 173.4 (4.5) | 77.3 (10.1) | |||
18Â F | Â | 161.9 (6.6) | 65.0 (11.2) | |||
70-79y; 30Â M | Â | 174.0 (6.5) | 75.5 (9.6) | |||
22Â F | Â | 160.5 (6.2) | 65.1 (11.6) | |||
>80; 12Â M | Â | 168.3 (6.1) | 72.7 (8.7) | |||
33Â F | Â | 156.5 (3.9) | 59.9 (8.6) | |||
Suprasongsin [33] ref: Isotope dilution (H218O); BIA (RJL) | 56 (28 M); age 8-26y |  |  |  | 0.524(H2/R) + 0.415 W – 0.32 | R2 = 0.96, SEE = 2.8 |
18 prepubertal | 10.6 (0.3) | 142.1 (2.3) | 39.6 (2.7) | |||
16 pubertal | 13.7 (0.3) | 164.7 (2.0) | 54.2 (2.1) | |||
8 adults | 22.0 (0.7) | 170.4 (3.1) | 67.3 (3.6) | |||
Equations based on healthy non-obese and obese children, adolescents and adults | ||||||
Gray [22] ref: underwater weighing; BIA (RJL) | 87 (25 M); 19−74y, M | 41 | 178 (164–198) | 99.6 (57.8-179.1) | M: 0.00139H2 - 0.0801R + 0.187 W + 39.830 | R2 = 0.97 |
F | 41 | 164 (152–177) | 89 (51.0-148.6) | F: 0.00151H2 – 0.0344R + 0.140 W - 0.158AGE + 20.387 | R2 = 0.92 | |
Lukaski [34] ref: underwater weighing; BIA four terminal impedance plethysmograph (RJL) | 114 (47 M), 18-50y, M | 26.9 (8.0) | 182.4 (9.1) | 86.0 (16.4) | 0.756(H2/R) + 0.110 W + 0.107Reac - 5.463 | r = 0.99, SEE = 2.3 |
F | 27.0 (6.4) | 166.3 (8.3) | 61.8 (10.4) | |||
Scheafer [20] ref: 40 K spectrometry, BIA (Holtain Ltd) | 112 (59 M), 3.9-19.3y, | 11.8 (3.7) | 150.2 (19.7) | 42.8 (16.6) | 0.65(H2/Imp) + 0.68AGE + 0.15 | R2 = 0.975, RMSE = 1.98 |
Sun [35] ref :4-C model hydrostatic weighing, deuterium dilution and DXA; BIA RJL | 1304; 12-94y, 412 white M | 41.9 (20.1) | 174.3 (11.1) | 75.6 (16.2) | M:-10.68 + 0.65(H2/R) + 0.26 W + 0.02R | R2 = 0.90, RMSE = 3.9 |
114 black M | 48.3 (19.3) | 173.7 (8.6) | 79.9 (15.4) | |||
622 white F | 42.4 (19.5) | 162.9 (8.1) | 65.4 (15.6) | F: −9.53 + 0.69(H2/R) + 0.17 W + 0.02R | R =0.83, SEE 2.9 | |
156 black F | 51.7 (18.4) | 161.1 (8.7) | 73.5 (17.1) | |||
Equations based on healthy obese children, adolescents and adults | ||||||
Haroun [10] ref: 3 C model (deuterium, BODPOD and WT; BIA: Tanita BC-418 MA) | 78 (30 M), 5-22y |  |  |  | −2.211 + 1.115(H2/Imp) | R2 = 0.96, SEE = 2.31 |
M | 12.0 (3.4) | 152.4 (16.7) | 65.1 (20.6) | |||
F | 11.3 (3.5) | 148.0 (13.7) | 60.1 (16.3) | |||
Horie [36] ref: ADP (BODPOD) and FourF-BIA (Quadscan) | 119 (36 M); M, age 18-62y, F (preoperative gastric bypass patients) | 38.5 (11.7) | 152.8 (25.1) | 174.8 (8.2) | WT – (23.25 + 0.13AGE + 1 W + 0.09R – 0.80H) | R2 = 0.973 |
42.9 (11.4) | 114.9 (17.6) | 158.7 (6.9) | ||||
Lazzer [9] ref: DXA; BIS (Human IM plus II) | 58 (27 M), 10-17y, severely obese subjects | 14.2 (1.9) | 164.0 (10.0) | 92.5 (14.5) | 0.87(H2/Imp) + 3.1 | r = 0.91, RMSE = 2.7 |
Wabitsch [8] ref: Deuterium dilution (labeled water); BIA RJL | 146 (68 M), 5-17y; obese white subjects | 12.7 (3.0) | 158.5 (15.7) | 74.1 (22.3) | (0.35(H2/R) + 0.27AGE + 0.14 W – 0.12)/0.732 | R2 = 0.96, SEE = 1.91 |