Cryptorchidism
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“Hidden testis”, extra- /supra-scrotal position
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• Agenesis, atrophy [2]
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• No/delayed testicular descent
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Undescended testis
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Incomplete descent of the testis, possible positions: intra-abdominal, inside the inguinal canal or supra-scrotal
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• Immaturity, low birth weight [2, 8]
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Retractile testis
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Normal testicular position, periodic translocation to a supra-scrotal position
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• Hyperactive cremasteric reflex [47, 48]
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Ascending testis, acquired undescended testis
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Previously regular positioned testis, secondary permanent translocation to a non-scrotal position
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• Deviating growth velocity of spermatic chord and body length growth [50]
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• Partial absorption of the vaginal process into the peritoneum [50]
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