Table 4 Injury characteristics of adolescent motorcycle riders according to helmet-wearing status
Motorcycle accident | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Helmet + N = 522 | Helmet-N = 97 | p | |
Gender, n(%) | 0.972 | ||
Male | 340(65.1) | 63(64.9) | |
Female | 182(34.9) | 34(35.1) | |
GCS | 14.4 ± 2.1 | 13.1 ± 2.9 | 0.000 |
≤ 8 | 23(4.4) | 12(12.4) | 0.002 |
9–12 | 22(4.2) | 2(2.1) | 0.313 |
≥ 13 | 477(91.4) | 83(85.6) | 0.073 |
AIS n(%) | |||
Head/Neck | 161 (30.8) | 51 (52.6) | 0.000 |
Face | 156 (29.9) | 33 (34.0) | 0.417 |
Thorax | 46 (8.8) | 6 (6.2) | 0.392 |
Abdomen | 54 (10.3) | 9 (9.3) | 0.750 |
Extremity | 377 (72.2) | 58 (59.8) | 0.014 |
Head trauma, n(%) | |||
Neurologic deficit | 4(0.8) | 1(1.0) | 0.789 |
Cranial fracturea | 57(10.9) | 26(26.8) | 0.000 |
Epidural hematoma (EDH) | 9(1.7) | 3(3.1) | 0.369 |
Subdural hematoma (SDH) | 20(3.8) | 8(8.2) | 0.055 |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) | 30(5.7) | 7(7.2) | 0.575 |
Intracerebral hematoma (ICH) | 9(1.7) | 1(1.0) | 0.619 |
Cerebral contusion | 21(4.0) | 3(3.1) | 0.663 |
Cervical vertebral fracture | 2(0.4) | 0(0.0) | 0.541 |
Maxillofacial trauma, n(%) | |||
Maxillary fracture | 52(10.0) | 10(10.3) | 0.917 |
Mandibular fracture | 38(7.3) | 7(7.2) | 0.982 |
Orbital fracture | 25(4.8) | 3(3.1) | 0.460 |
Nasal fracture | 10(1.9) | 3(3.1) | 0.458 |
ISS | 8.9 ± 7.5 | 9.8 ± 7.2 | 0.383 |
< 16 | 445(85.2) | 74(76.3) | 0.028 |
16–24 | 55(10.5) | 18(18.6) | 0.025 |
≥ 25 | 22(4.2) | 5(5.2) | 0.677 |
NISS | 10.2 ± 8.3 | 11.0 ± 8.0 | 0.455 |
TRISS | 0.973 ± 0.110 | 0.971 ± 0.106 | 0.997 |
Mortality, n(%) | 2(0.4 %) | 0(0.0 %) | 0.541 |
LOS (days) | 9.1 ± 8.7 | 8.7 ± 7.0 | 0.077 |
ICU | |||
Patients, n(%) | 87(16.7) | 31(32.0) | 0.000 |
LICUS (days) | 6.3 ± 6.4 | 5.9 ± 5.5 | 0.612 |