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Table 2 Percent of children < 5 years with stunting, wasting and underweight by Mother’s Educational Level, residence and child age in Malawi (2010), Tanzania (2009–10) and Zimbabwe (2005–6)

From: Is there a threshold level of maternal education sufficient to reduce child undernutrition? Evidence from Malawi, Tanzania and Zimbabwe

 

Malawi (2010)

Tanzania (2009–10)

Zimbabwe (2000–06)

 

Height-for-Age

Weight-for-height

Weight-for-age

Height- for-Age

Weight-for-height

Weight-for-age

Height- for-Age

Weight-for-height

Weight-for-age

 

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

(% below -2SD)

Mother’s education level

        

No education

50.3

4.8

15.1

44.9

6.1

18.9

33.8

7

17.6

Junior Primary

46.9

0.4

12.9

46.3

6.4

17

34.5

7.3

11.6

Senior Primary

42.9

3.7

11.8

41.2

4

14.7

34.1

8.2

14.2

Junior Secondary

41.7

2.4

7.3

30.4

4.9

9.6

32.5

5.1

10.9

Senior Secondary+

29.9

2.1

6.7

12.5

3.8

5.8

16.7

1.5

1.3

Pearson χ2

46.9

7.6

26.1

97.1

16

40

14

18.1

25.4

P value

0.000

0.23

0.01

0.000

0.02

0.000

0.07

0.01

0.000

Place of Residence

        

Urban

38.2

2.4

10.1

30.6

5

11.5

26.6

5.2

8.4

Rural

45.6

4.2

12.4

44

4.8

16.6

35.1

6.8

13.5

Pearson χ2

13.8

5.4

3

79.6

0.12

20.8

25.2

3.1

18.7

P-Value

0.01

0.09

0.25

0.000

0.79

0.000

0.000

0.18

0.000

Child age

         

Less than 6 months

14.2

5.7

5.3

18.1

6.1

8.2

13.8

9.3

7.7

6-11 months

25.1

6.2

9.6

24.3

9.9

14.9

23.5

9

11.4

12-23 months

52.5

6.3

15.1

49.3

7

18.4

38.8

6.4

12.7

24-35 months

54.1

2.3

12.8

53.2

3.3

15.6

39.8

6.7

15.5

36-47 months

48.6

2.4

12.2

47.7

2

15.8

39.5

4.8

11.8

48-59 months

46.1

2

12

37.7

3

16.9

28.5

4.5

11.6

Pearson χ2

316.7

50.3

32

401.7

99

42.2

133.1

18.6

16

P-Value

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.02

0.08

Total

         
 

44.5

3.9

12

41.4

4.8

15.6

32.9

6.4

12.2

N

4, 563

4,821

3, 473