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Table 3 Multiple Cox hazard regression analysis of neonatal mortality in Nigeria, 1990 - 2013

From: Trends in neonatal mortality in Nigeria and effects of bio-demographic and maternal characteristics

Factors

Model 1-2008

Model II-2008

Model III-2013

Model IV-1990

 

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Socio-economic characteristics

        

Region

Model 1A

      

North West

1.68

1.42 - 1.98*

1.36

1.01 - 1.82*

0.92

0.63-1.34

1.18

0.86 - 1.61

North East

1.60

1.35 - 1.90*

1.30

0.97 - 1.76

0.74

0.50-1.09

0.71

0.48 - 1.05

North Central

1.32

1.11 - 1.57*

1.15

0.86 - 1.24

0.69

0.47-1.05

0.80

0.55 - 1.18

South East

1.74

1.44 - 2.11*

1.41

1.01 - 1.95*

0.98

0.66-1.45

1.03

0.74 - 1.44

South South

1.38

1.14 - 1.67*

1.00

0.72 - 1.41

0.66

0.42-1.03

0.55

0.37 - 0.84*

South West (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Urban Residence

0.77

0.70 - 0.85*

0.76

0.63 - 0.92*

0.73

0.57-0.93*

0.98

0.78 - 1.24

Maternal education

        

None (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Primary

-

-

1.03

0.85 - 1.24

1.28

1.01-1.63*

1.10

0.86 - 1.41

Secondary and higher

0.80

0.71 - 0.89*

1.03

0.82 - 1.30

0.98

0.72-1.35

0.90

0.59 - 1.38

Marital status

        

Currently married/in union

0.75

0.63 - 0.89*

0.52

0.39 - 0.68*

0.59

0.38-0.91*

0.75

0.49 - 1.14

Improved drinking water source

0.89

0.82 - 0.96*

0.94

0.81 - 1.08

1.16

0.97-1.38

-

-

Improved toilet facility

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Healthcare characteristics

Model 1B

      

Antenatal care

0.70

0.61 - 0.81*

0.80

0.67 - 0.97*

0.59

0.47-0.74*

0.76

0.61 - 0.95*

Skilled delivery

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

TT injection in pregnancy

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

CS- delivery

2.38

1.63 - 3.48*

1.73

1.03 - 2.93*

3.57

2.19-5.82*

1.69

0.93 - 3.08

Delivery at health facility

0.87

0.73 - 1.02

1.05

0.85 - 1.29

1.17

0.88-1.54

0.69

0.53 - 0.90*

Bio-demographic factors

Model 1 C

      

Male vs Female

1.15

1.05 - 1.25*

1.16

1.01 - 1.32*

1.35

1.14-1.60*

1.13

0.96 - 1.34

Birth order

        

1

-

 

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 and 3 (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

4+

1.28

1.16 - 1.41*

1.11

0.94 - 1.30

1.03

0.83-1.27

1.22

0.98 - 1.55

Size of baby at birth

        

Large (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Average

1.09

0.99 - 1.20

-

-

-

-

-

-

Small

1.70

1.53 - 1.89*

1.36

1.15 - 1.60*

2.49

2.06-3.03*

1.72

1.39 - 2.14*

Birth interval

        

< 24 months

1.90

1.75 - 2.07*

1.83

1.59 - 2.11*

2.02

1.69-2.41*

1.67

1.41 - 1.98*

>=24 months and above (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Maternal age

        

< 20 years

1.75

1.50 - 2.04*

1.48

1.13 - 1.93*

1.25

0.87-1.79

1.06

0.76 - 1.47

20 - 35 years (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

36 years and above

1.16

1.04 - 1.30*

1.54

1.31 - 1.80*

1.40

1.12-1.75*

1.23

0.98 - 1.55

  1. *p<0.05 (statistically significant).