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Table 2 Univariate Cox hazard regression analysis of neonatal mortality in Nigeria, 1990 - 2013

From: Trends in neonatal mortality in Nigeria and effects of bio-demographic and maternal characteristics

Factors

1990

2003

2008

2013

 

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

HR

95% CI

Socio-economic characteristics

        

Region

        

North West

1.80

1.46 - 2.25*

2.13

1.51 - 3.02*

2.09

1.79 - 2.46*

1.22

0.95-1.57

North East

1.04

0.76 - 1.40

2.36

1.66 - 3.37*

2.01

1.70 - 2.36*

1.10

0.84-1.45

North Central

0.99

0.71 - 1.39

1.76

1.19 - 2.60*

1.59

1.34 - 1.89*

0.89

0.66-1.22

South East

1.29

0.98 - 1.69

0.87

0.55 - 1.38

1.79

1.48 - 2.18*

1.17

0.84-1.63

South South

0.88

0.63 - 1.23

1.82

1.19 - 2.76*

1.55

1.29 - 1.87*

0.94

0.68-1.32

South West (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Urban Residence

0.76

0.65 - 0.90*

0.59

0.49 - 0.72*

0.64

0.58 - 0.71*

0.77

0.65-0.91*

Maternal education

        

None (Ref)

  

1.00

 

1.00

  

1.00

Primary

0.77

0.64 - 0.92*

0.88

0.72 - 1.07

0.83

0.76 - 0.91*

1.09

0.90-1.32

Secondary and higher

0.57

0.43 - 0.75*

0.43

0.34 - 0.55*

0.61

0.55 - 0.68*

0.78

0.66-0.93*

Marital status

        

Currently married/in union

0.73

0.51 - 1.06

0.98

0.69 - 1.38

0.81

0.68 - 0.96*

0.75

0.55-1.01

Improved drinking water source

  

0.99

0.84 - 1.17

0.75

0.70 - 0.81*

0.94

0.82-1.09

Improved toilet facility

0.84

0.71 - 0.99

0.77

0.65 - 0.91*

0.92

0.85 - 0.99*

0.88

0.76-1.02

Healthcare characteristics

        

Antenatal care

0.56

0.48 - 0.66*

0.59

0.46 - 0.78*

0.74

0.65 - 0.83*

0.58

0.49-0.69*

Skilled delivery

0.76

0.64 - 0.89*

0.69

0.57 - 0.83*

0.69

0.64 - 0.75*

0.88

0.75-1.03

TT injection in pregnancy

0.50

0.43 - 0.59*

0.63

0.48 - 0.82*

0.71

0.63 - 0.80*

0.89

0.72-1.09

CS- delivery

1.46

0.91 - 2.35

0.35

0.16 - 0.77*

1.11

0.81 - 1.52

2.44

1.70-3.49*

Delivery at health facility

0.61

0.51 - 0.73*

0.54

0.44 - 0.66*

0.67

0.61 - 0.73*

0.92

0.79-1.08

Bio-demographic factors

        

Sex of baby

        

Male vs Female

1.19

1.02 - 1.39*

1.14

0.97 - 1.35

1.15

1.07 - 1.24*

1.33

1.15-1.54*

Birth order

        

1

1.16

0.91 - 1.47

1.42

1.13 - 1.79*

1.09

0.98 - 1.22

1.59

1.31-1.95

2 and 3 (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

4+

1.28

1.06 - 1.55*

1.27

1.04 - 1.54*

1.19

1.09 - 1.30*

1.09

0.91-1.29

Size of baby at birth

        

Large (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Average

0.97

0.81 - 1.17

1.04

0.86 - 1.25

1.09

1.00 - 1.19

1.16

0.98-1.38

Small

1.82

1.46 - 2.27*

1.62

1.31 - 2.01*

1.79

1.63 - 1.98*

2.63

2.19-3.16*

Birth interval

        

<24 months

1.64

1.38 - 1.95*

1.83

1.51 - 2.21*

1.92

1.76 - 2.09

2.08

1.75-2.47*

> = 24 months (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

Maternal age

        

<20 years

1.20

0.98 - 1.47

1.36

1.10 - 1.68*

1.51

1.37 - 1.67*

1.54

1.27-1.85*

20 - 35 years (Ref)

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

1.00

 

36 years and above

1.29

1.04 - 1.62*

1.25

0.99 - 1.57

1.21

1.09 - 1.35

1.22

0.99 – 1.50

  1. *p<0.05 (statistically significant).