Table 2 Summary of the results
Study [ref] (Risk of bias) A | Outcome (outcome measurement) | Treatment duration, wk | n | Post treatment, mean score (SD) | n | Post control, mean score (SD) | SMD (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aarts [20] | HF (VOAA-DDD, capacity) | 8 | 28 | 40.5 (29.2) | 22 | 28.6 (28.8) | 0.40 (−0.16, 0.97) |
Aarts [21] | HF (VOAA-DDD, performance) | 8 | 28 | 69.6 (21.4) | 22 | 50.4 (28.5) | 0.76 (0.18, 1.34)* |
(Low) | |||||||
Facchin [23] | HF (QUEST) | 10 | 20 | 72.8 | 33 | 72.9 | Could not be estimatedB |
(Unclear) | HF (QUEST) | 10 | 19 | 72.8 | 33 | 68.4 | Could not be estimatedB |
HF (Besta Scale, quality of grasp) | 10 | 20 | 3.15 | 33 | 2.88 | Could not be estimatedB | |
HF (Besta Scale, quality of grasp) | 10 | 19 | 3.15 | 33 | 3.02 | Could not be estimatedB | |
Gordon [24] | HF (JTTHF) | 3 | 21 | −233.1 (173.8) | 21 | −249.6 (173.8) | 0.09 (−0.51, 0.70) |
(Low) | |||||||
Smania [25] | HF (Use test) | 5 | 5 | NR | 5 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
(High) | HF (Function test) | 5 | 5 | NR | 5 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
Charles [26] | HF (JTTHF) | 2 | 11 | −278.5 (240.6) | 11 | −301.0 (182.2) | 0.10 (−0.73, 0.94) |
(High) | HF (BOTMP subtest 8) | 2 | 11 | 7.2 (2.9) | 11 | 5.2 (4.2) | 0.53 (−0.32, 1.39) |
Law [28] | |||||||
(Unclear) | HF (PDMS, fine motor scale) | 24 | 18 | 28.1 (18.4) | 18 | 30.8 (21.3) | −0.13 (−0.79, 0.52) |
HF (QUEST) | 24 | 18 | 47.9 (26.8) | 18 | 47.2 (28.9) | 0.02 (−0.63, 0.68) | |
Case-Smith [29] | HF (AHA) | 3 | 9 | 0.84 (3.3) | 9 | 3.03 (3.9) | −0.58 (−1.53, 0.37) |
(Low) | FS (PMAL (QOU)) | 3 | 9 | 3.40 (1.40) | 9 | 3.43 (0.80) | −0.03 (−0.95, 0.90) |
Hsin [30] | FS (PMAL (QOU)) | 4 | 11 | 2.6 (0.3) | 11 | 2.3 (0.2) | 1.13 (0.22, 2.05)* |
(Low) | |||||||
Rostami [31] | |||||||
(Unclear) | FS (PMAL (QOU)) | 3.35 | 7 | 2.26 (0.29) | 7 | 2.23 (0.30) | 0.10 (−0.95, 1.14) |
Lin [32] | |||||||
HF (BOTMP-MUE) | 4 | 10 | 9.00 (5.91) | 11 | 5.77 (6.33) | 0.51 (−0.37, 1.38) | |
(Unclear) | HF (PDMS-grasp) | 4 | 10 | 45.9 (7.82) | 11 | 44.27(6.23) | 0.22 (−0.64, 1.08) |
FS (PMAL (QOU)) | 4 | 10 | 2.84 (0.96) | 11 | 2.26 (0.88) | 0.61 (−0.27, 1.49) | |
Taub [33] | HF (INMAP) | 3 | 10 | 35.9 (6.2) | 10 | 27.8 (6.6) | 1.21 (0.24, 2.18)* |
(Unclear) | FS (PMAL) | 3 | 10 | 3.5 (0.6) | 10 | 1.4 (0.5) | 3.64 (2.11, 5.18)* |
Wallen [34] | FS (COPM, performance) | 8 | 25 | 6.1 (2.3) | 25 | 6.0 (1.7) | 0.05 (−0.51, 0.60) |
(Low) | FS (COMP, satisfaction) | 8 | 25 | 6.5 (2.4) | 25 | 6.7 (2.2) | −0.09 (−0.64, 0.47) |
FS (PMAL (QOU)) | 8 | 25 | 59.6 (23.6) | 25 | 51.3 (19.7) | 0.38 (−0.18, 0.94) | |
DeLuca [35] | HF (QUEST) | 3 | 9 | NR | 9 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
(Unclear) | HF (EBS) | 3 | 9 | NR | 9 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
Taub [36] | FS (PMAL (AOU)) | 3 | 9 | NR | 9 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
(Low) | FS (PMAL (OOL)) | 3 | 9 | NR | 9 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
HF (EBS) | 3 | 9 | 21.5 (4.45) | 9 | 15 (5.66) | 1.22 (0.19, 2.24)* | |
FS (PMAL (QOU)) | 3 | 9 | 2.7 (0.97) | 9 | 1.9 (1.13) | 0.72 (−0.24, 1.69) | |
HF (TAUT) | 3 | 9 | NR | 9 | NR | Could not be estimatedB | |
Law [37] | HF (PDMS, fine motor scale) | 16 | 26 | 21.8 (8.5) | 24 | 20.9 (9.0) | 0.10 (−0.45, 0.66) |
(Unclear) | HF (QUEST) | 16 | 26 | 53.3 (22.9) | 24 | 47.3 (27.7) | 0.23 (−0.32, 0.79) |
FS (COPM, performance) | 16 | 26 | 6.5 (1.6) | 24 | 5.7 (1.4) | 0.52 (−0.04, 1.09) | |
FS (COPM, satisfaction) | 16 | 26 | 7.1 (1.9) | 24 | 5.8 (1.8) | 0.69 (0.12, 1.26)* | |
Brandao [60] | FS (PEDI, independence) | 2 | 8 | 70.25 (8.90) | 7 | 68.37 (3.61) | 0.25 (−0.77, 1.27) |
(Low) | |||||||
Sung [38] | HF (BBT, affected limb) | 6 | 18 | 10.50 (5.73) | 13 | 9.54 (7.14) | 0.15 (−0.57, 0.86) |
(High) | HF (BBT, unaffected limb) | 6 | 18 | 18.12 (10.06) | 13 | 23.15 (17.12) | −0.36 (−1.08, 0.36) |
HF (EDPA) | 6 | 18 | 7.64 (1.65) | 13 | 7.06 (1.42) | 0.36 (−0.36, 1.08) | |
Carlsen [39] | HF (Denver Development subscales) | 6 | NR | 6 | NR | Could not be estimatedB | |
(High) | GM (Denver Development subscales) | 6 | NR | 6 | NR | Could not be estimatedB | |
Choi [40] | GM (GMFM-88, sitting) | 6 | 5 | 9.4 (3.11) | 5 | 2.0 (2.12) | 2.51 (0.63, 4.39)C* |
(High) | |||||||
Kwon [41] | GM (GMFM-66) | 8 | 16 | 73. 7 (8.3) | 16 | 70.1 (8.1) | 0.43 (−0.27, 1.13) |
(High) | GM (gait analysis, speed) | 8 | 16 | −60.7 (0.1) | 16 | −68.0 (0.2) | 45.01 (−33.21, 56.80) |
Shamsoddini [42] | GM (GMFM-88) | 12 | 14 | 90.1 (11.62) | 10 | 86.3 (7.93) | 0.36 (−0.46, 1.18) |
(High) | |||||||
Christiansen [43] | GM (GMFM-66) | 30 | 10 | 54.9 (16.5) | 14 | 55.6 (19.7) | −0.04 (−0.85, 0.77) |
(Unclear) | |||||||
Lee [44] | GM (GMFM-88) | 5 | 9 | 86.9 (13.4) | 8 | 85.4 (13.5) | 0.11 (−0.85, 1.06) |
(High) | GM (Gait analysis, speed) | 5 | 9 | 74.6 (38.7) | 8 | 68.2 (42.9) | Could not be estimatedB |
Kanda [45] | GM (Able to stand or walk 5 sec) | 208 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 0 | Could not be estimatedB |
(High) | |||||||
Bower [46] | GM (GMFM-88) | 24 | 15 | NR | 13 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
(Low) | |||||||
Bower [47] | |||||||
GM (GMFM-88) | 2 | 22 | NR | 22 | NR | Could not be estimatedB | |
(Unclear) | |||||||
Scherzer [48] | GM (Motor dev eval form) | 24 | 11 | NR | 11 | NR | Could not be estimatedB |
(High) | |||||||
Weindling [49] | GM (GMFM-88) | 24 | 12 | 50.0 (25.8) | 28 | 45.5 (29.7) | 0.15 (−0.52, 0.83) |
(Low) | GM (GMFM-88) | 24 | 13 | 50.0 (25.8) | 23 | 48.0 (30.7) | 0.07 (−0.61, 0.75) |
FS (Vineland Daily living) | 24 | 12 | 25.5 (11.0) | 28 | 24.5 (17.1) | 0.07 (−0.47, 0.61) | |
FS (Vineland Daily living) | 24 | 13 | 25.5 (11.0) | 22 | 25.5 (16.3) | 0.00 (−0.57, 0.57) | |
Løwing [50] | |||||||
GM (GMFM-66) | 12 | 22 | 63.59 (13.15) | 22 | 64.15 (17.33) | −0.04 (−0.63, 0.56)D | |
(High) | FS (PEDI, self-care) | 12 | 22 | 57.35 (9.40) | 22 | 58.66 (11.63) | −0.12 (−0.71, 0.47) |
FS (PEDI, mobility) | 12 | 22 | 61.44 (13.89) | 22 | 62.48 (17.75) | −0.06 (−0.66, 0.53) | |
FS (Social function) | 12 | 22 | 61.22 (8.85) | 22 | 63.61 (10.25) | −0.25 (−0.84, 0.35) | |
Hur [51] | GM (VAB, videotaped, gross motor) | 56 | 19 | 13.5 (6.2) | 17 | 16.2 (12.4) | −0.27 (−0.93, 0.38) |
(High) | GM (Developmental profile2, physical) | 56 | 19 | 26.5 (13.1) | 17 | 24.7 (11.4) | 0.14 (−0.51, 0.80) |
FS (VAB, videotaped, play and leisure) | 56 | 19 | 39.1 (19.4) | 17 | 51.7 (22.1) | −0.59 (−1.27, 0.08) | |
FS (VAB, videotaped, daily living) | 56 | 19 | 34.1 (14.1) | 17 | 32.3 (10.6) | 0.14 (−0.52, 0.80) | |
FS (Developmental profile2, self-help) | 56 | 19 | 50.2 (18.2) | 17 | 42.2 (18.3) | 0.43 (−0.23, 1.09) | |
Brandao [52] | FS (COPM, performance) | 3 | 8 | 5.54 (1.7) | 8 | 6.58 (1.19) | −0.67 (−1.69, 0.35) |
(Unclear) | FS (COMP, satisfaction) | 3 | 8 | 5.68 (2.06) | 8 | 6.78 (1.64) | −0.56 (−1.56, 0.45) |
FS (PEDI, self-care skills) | 3 | 8 | 60.12 (6.13) | 8 | 63.5 (5.01) | −0.57 (−1.58, 0.44) | |
FS (PEDI, independence) | 3 | 8 | 29.12 (7.26) | 8 | 31.75 (4.4) | −0.41 (−1.41, 0.58) | |
Dalvand [53] | |||||||
(High) | FS (CDER) | 12 | 7 | 42.80 (40.04) | 15 | 36.80 (34.42) | 0.16 (−0.74, 1.06) |
FS (CDER) | 12 | 8 | 42.80 (40.04) | 15 | 34.60 | 0.23 (−0.64, 1.09) | |
McConahie [54] (High) | FS (IBAS) | 80-96 | 11 | −2.75 (1.62) | 16 | −3.11 (1.10) | 0.26 (−0.51, 1.03) |
Stiller [55] | |||||||
HF (PDMS, fine motor, grasping) | 5 | 7 | 1.00 (−1.29) | 8 | 0.25 (1.28) | 0.55 (−0.49, 1.59)C | |
(High) | HF (PDMS, fine motor, hand use) | 5 | 7 | −2.12 (2.49) | 8 | −0.28 (1.29) | −0.89 (−1.97, 0.19)C |
GM (GMFM-88, lying & rolling) | 5 | 7 | 1.43 (3.69) | 8 | 0.50 (2.14) | 0.30 (−0.73, 1.32)C | |
GM (GMFM-88, Sitting) | 5 | 7 | 2.43 (3.10) | 8 | 0.63 (5.07) | 0.40 (−0.63, 1.42)C | |
GM (GMFM-88, crawling & kneeling) | 5 | 7 | 0.14 (1.57) | 8 | 2.75 (1.91) | −1.39 (−2.56, −0.23)C* | |
GM (GMFM-88, walking, running, jumping) | 5 | 7 | 3.29 (4.42) | 8 | 2.63 (4.93) | −0.13 (−1.15, 0.88)C | |
GM (GMFM-88, standing) | 5 | 7 | −1.29 (2.87) | 8 | 0.63 (2.00) | −0.74(−1.80, 0.32)C | |
FS (PEDI, self-care) | 5 | 7 | 5.29 (9.55) | 8 | 7.00 (5.55) | −0.21 (−1.23, 0.81)C | |
FS (PEDI, mobility) | 5 | 7 | 2.57 (4.04) | 8 | 1.25 (2.60) | 0.37 (−0.65, 1.40)C | |
FS (PEDI, social function) | 5 | 7 | 4.00 (5.75) | 8 | 5.50 (3.85) | −0.29 (−1.31, 0.73)C | |
Reddihough [56] | HF (VAB, videotaped, fine motor) | 24 | 17 | 5.15 (2.68) | 17 | 5.47 (3.11) | −0.11 (−0.78, 0.57) |
(High) | GM (GMFM-88) | 24 | 9 | 33.20 (13.82) | 13 | 28.64 (17.83) | 0.27 (−0.59, 1.12) |
GM (VAB, videotaped, gross motor) | 24 | 17 | 6.29 (2.24) | 17 | 5.76 (2.64) | 0.21 (−0.46, 0.89) | |
FS (VAB, videotaped, feeding) | 24 | 17 | 5.29 (2.95) | 17 | 4.65 (2.63) | 0.22 (−0.45, 0.90) | |
FS (VAB, videotaped, play) | 24 | 17 | 5.87 (3.82) | 17 | 5.14 (3.41) | 0.20 (−0.48, 0.87) | |
FS (VAB, caregiver reported, feeding) | 24 | 17 | 5.06 (0.89) | 17 | 4.26 (0.95) | 0.85 (0.14, 1.55)* | |
FS (VAB, caregiver reported, dressing) | 24 | 17 | 1.72 (1.62) | 17 | 3.69 (1.42) | −1.26 (−2.01, −0.52)* | |
FS (VAB, caregiver reported, play) | 24 | 17 | 6.31 (0.75) | 17 | 5.78 (1.12) | 0.54 (−0.14, 1.23) | |
FS (VAB, caregiver reported, toileting) | 24 | 17 | 3.69 (1.67) | 17 | 3.02 (1.22) | 0.45 (−0.23, 1.13) | |
Coleman [57] | HF (VAB, videotaped, fine motor) | 24 | 11 | 3.67 (1.87) | 9 | 3.88 (1.97) | −0.11 (−0.99, 0.78) |
(High) | GM (VAB, videotaped, gross motor) | 24 | 11 | 3.53 (1.51) | 9 | 3.76 (1.51) | −0.15 (−1.03, 0.74) |
FS (VAB, videotaped, feeding) | 24 | 11 | 4.43 (1.65) | 9 | 4.27 (2.16) | 0.08 (−0.80, 0.96) | |
FS (VAB, Caregiver reported, feeding) | 24 | 11 | 2.75 (1.68) | 9 | 3.36 (1.57) | −0.36 (−1.25, 0.53) | |
FS (VAB, Caregiver reported, dressing) | 24 | 11 | 2.11 (1.07) | 9 | 2.32 (1.42) | −0.16 (−1.05, 0.72) | |
FS (VAB, Caregiver reported, play) | 24 | 11 | 4.51 (1.31) | 9 | 4.69 (0.89) | −0.15 (−1.03, 0.73) | |
FS (VAB, Caregiver reported, toileting) | 24 | 11 | 3.03 (1.59) | 9 | 3.48 (1.23) | −0.30 (−1.19, 0.59) |