From: Why do paediatricians prescribe antibiotics? Results of an Italian regional project
Variable | N* of children | Antibiotic prescriptions % | OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Child's age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤2 years | 1370 | 33% | 1 | 1 |
   >2 years | 2943 | 40% | 1.35 (1.18 - 1.55) * | 0.98 (0.80 - 1.19) |
Parent born abroad | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 625 | 37% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 3653 | 45% | 1.37 (1.16 - 1.63)* | 1.71 (1.36 - 2.15) * |
Day care attendance | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 1461 | 34% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 2683 | 39% | 1.27 (1.11 - 1.45)* | 1.12 (0.93 - 1.35) |
Was the parent expecting an antibiotic prescription? | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 2524 | 19% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 1050 | 77% | 14.21 (11.94 - 16.91)* | 12.83 (10.43 - 15.79)* |
   Don't know | 712 | 49% | 4.15 (3.48 - 4.96)* | 3.48 (2.82 - 4.30) * |
Exudate or tonsillar hyperemia | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 2077 | 31% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 2275 | 44% | 1.70 (1.50 - 1.93)* | 1.63 (1.36 - 1.96) * |
Facial pain | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 4284 | 37% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 68 | 71% | 4.03 (2.39 - 6.82)* | 4.85 (2.25 - 10.46) * |
Otalgia | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3505 | 33% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 847 | 60% | 2.79 (2.39 - 3.25)* | 2.02 (1.60 - 2.55) * |
Periorbital edema | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 4284 | 38% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 68 | 47% | 1.47 (0.91 - 2.38) | 1.67 (0.89 - 3.14) |
Diarrhoea | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 4224 | 38% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 128 | 24% | 0.52 (0.34 - 0.78)* | 0.55 (0.32 - 0.93) * |
Cervical adenopathy | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3457 | 33% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 895 | 57% | 2.67 (2.30 - 3.11)* | 2.09 (1.70 - 2.59) * |
Bulging tympanic membrane | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 3959 | 34% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 393 | 78% | 6.77 (5.29 - 8.65)* | 5.68 (4.06 - 7.94) * |
Otorrhea | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 4281 | 37% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 71 | 96% | (12.20 - 123.60)* | 28.06 (6.32 - 124.51)* |
Rhinorrhea | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 2.521 | 40% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 1.831 | 35% | 0.83 (0.73 - 0.94)* | 0.72 (0.61 - 0.86) * |
Fever | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤38°C | 2713 | 29% | 1 | 1 |
   >38°C | 1639 | 53% | 2.86 (2.52 - 3.25) * | 2.34 (1.97 - 2.79) * |
Associated chronic diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 4135 | 38% | 1 | 1 |
   Yes | 217 | 44% | 1.30 (0.98 - 1.71) | 1.29 (0.88 - 1.88) |
Physician age** | Â | Â | Â | 1.02 (0.95-1.10) |