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Table 4 Associations between below normal scores on the TEPROSIF evaluation and early-life feeding or sucking behaviors using logistic regression.

From: The relationship of bottle feeding and other sucking behaviors with speech disorder in Patagonian preschoolers

Risk Factor

Unadjusted

OR (95% CI)

p

Adjusted1

OR (95% CI)

P

Gestation

    

   Normal (38 - 40 wks)

1.0 (REF)

.105

1.0 (REF)

.09

   Below normal

3.17 (1.0, 9.6)

.042

3.27 (1.0, 10.2)

.04

   Above normal

.854 (.30, 2.4)

.768

.745 (.25, 2.18)

.59

Age started bottle feeding

    

   Less than 3 mths

1.0 (REF)

.151

1.0 (REF)

.13

   3 to 9 mths

.617 (.27, 1.4)

.247

.601 (.26, 1.4)

.23

   More than 9 mths

.339 (.11, 1.0)

.055

.315 (.10, .98)

.05

Bottle fed

    

   No

1.0 (REF)

.621

1.0 (REF)

.48

   Yes

.679 (.15, 3.2)

.621

.568 (.1, 2.8)

 

Time bottle feeding

    

   Less than 18 mths

1.0 (REF)

.521

1.0 (REF)

.59

   18 to 36 mths

.731 (.24, 2.2)

.575

.788 (.26, 2.4)

.68

   More than 36 mths

1.16 (.40, 3.4)

.785

1.21 (.41, 3.6)

.73

Breastfed

    

   No

1.0 (REF)

.588

1.0 (REF)

.63

   Yes

.604 (.10, 3.7)

.588

.637 (.10, 4.0)

 

Time breastfeeding

    

   Less than 6 mths

1.0 (REF)

.242

1.0 (REF)

.28

   6 to 12 mths

.560 (.24, 1.3)

.185

.559 (.24, 1.33)

.19

   More than 12 mths

.474 (.19, 1.2)

.110

.496 (.20, 1.3)

.14

Use of pacifier

  

1.0 (REF)

 

   No

1.0 (REF)

.360

1.0 (REF)

.39

   Yes

1.39 (.69, 2.8)

.360

1.37 (.67, 2.8)

 

Time with pacifier

    

   No use

1.0 (REF)

.07

1.0 (REF)

.08

   Less than one year

1.74 (.51, 5.98)

.38

1.54 (.44, 5.45)

.50

   1-3 years

.58 (.21, 1.59)

.29

.58 (.21, 1.61)

.29

   Greater than 3 years

3.23 (1.04, 9.99)

.04

3.42 (1.08, 10.81)

.04

Sucked fingers

    

   No

1.0 (REF)

.029

1.0 (REF)

.03

   Yes

2.95 (1.1, 7.8)

.029

2.99 (1.1, 8.0)

 

Time sucking finger

    

   0 to 12 mths

1.0 (REF)

.314

1.0 (REF)

.21

   12 to 30 mths

5.33 (.34, 75.8)

.216

12.3 (.45, 343.5)

.14

   > 30 mths

5.33 (.34, 75.8)

.216

14.5 (.48, 442.0)

.12

  1. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are shown
  2. 1Adjusted for gender and age