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Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in parentheses.

From: The social determinants of child health: variations across health outcomes – a population-based cross-sectional analysis

Variable

Asthma

Migraine

Ear Infections

Resp. Allergy

Food Allergy

Skin Allergy

Male (ref.: female)

1.43

(1.31–1.56)**

0.87

(0.77–0.98)*

0.98

(0.86–1.11)

1.18

(1.11–1.26)**

1.07

(0.94–1.22)

0.96

(0.88–1.04)

Age

1.03

(1.02–1.04)**

1.15

(1.13–1.17)**

0.86

(0.85–0.87)**

1.04

(1.03–1.04)**

0.96

(0.95–0.98)**

0.96

(0.95–0.97)**

Race (ref.: Caucasian)

      

   Hispanic

0.92

(0.78–1.09)

0.94

(0.76–1.15)

0.75

(0.60–0.93)*

0.65

(0.57–0.74)**

0.93

(0.71–1.21)

0.94

(0.81–1.10)

   African American

1.62

(1.41–1.86)**

1.02

(0.85–1.23)

0.63

(0.49–0.80)**

0.97

(0.86–1.08)

0.98

(0.79–1.22)

1.83

(1.62–2.08)**

   Other

1.20

(1.00–1.45)

0.97

(0.71–1.32)

0.65

(0.49–0.85)**

0.93

(0.81–1.08)

1.19

(0.93–1.53)

1.31

(1.10–1.58)**

Household income (ref.: ≥ 400% of federal poverty level (FPL))

   0–99% of FPL

1.44

(1.21–1.71)**

1.61

(1.28–2.02)**

1.69

(1.31–2.19)**

0.96

(0.84–1.10)

1.06

(0.82–1.37)

0.89

(0.75–1.06)

   100–199% of FPL

1.17

(1.02–1.33)*

1.29

(1.08–1.54)**

1.40

(1.15–1.71)**

0.92

(0.83–1.02)

0.97

(0.78–1.21)

0.94

(0.82–1.07)

   200–299% of FPL

1.11

(0.98–1.26)

1.10

(0.93–1.30)

1.22

(1.01–1.48)*

0.99

(0.90–1.08)

0.99

(0.82–1.21)

0.85

(0.76–0.96)**

   300–399% of FPL

1.10

(0.96–1.25)

1.14

(0.94–1.38)

1.06

(0.86–1.29)

0.98

(0.89–1.07)

0.96

(0.80–1.17)

0.86

(0.76–0.98)*

Household education (ref.: HS or less)

      

   Greater than HS

1.11

(1.00–1.24)

1.06

(0.92–1.22)

0.76

(0.65–0.89)**

1.41

(1.29–1.54)**

1.27

(1.07–1.52)**

1.30

(1.17–1.44)**

No one employed

(ref.: employed)

0.98

(0.85–1.14)

1.32

(1.05–1.67)*

1.24

(0.99–1.56)

1.13

(1.00–1.28)*

1.18

(0.94–1.49)

0.99

(0.84–1.17)

Parent mental health (ref.: excellent)

      

   Very good/Good

1.28

(1.16–1.41)**

1.39

(1.21–1.60)**

1.37

(1.19–1.59)**

1.37

(1.28–1.47)**

1.32

(1.15–1.51)**

1.27

(1.17–1.39)**

   Fair/Poor

1.80

(1.50–2.16)**

2.83

(2.22–3.61)**

2.26

(1.74–2.93)**

2.01

(1.74–2.33)**

1.84

(1.36–2.50)**

1.92

(1.60–2.29)**

Fam. structure (ref.: 2 bio. parents)

      

   Two step-parents

1.19

(1.02–1.39)*

1.18

(0.99–1.40)

0.98

(0.78–1.22)

0.96

(0.86–1.08)

1.03

(0.80–1.32)

1.00

(0.86–1.17)

   Single mother

1.23

(1.10–1.39)**

1.24

(1.06–1.45)**

1.08

(0.91–1.28)

1.07

(0.98–1.17)

1.01

(0.84–1.21)

0.97

(0.86–1.08)

   Single father

0.79

(0.60–1.05)

0.76

(0.50–1.14)

0.54

(0.38–0.77)**

0.57

(0.46–0.70)**

0.56

(0.36–0.89)*

0.60

(0.46–0.80)**

   Other

1.61

(0.97–2.70)

1.55

(0.87–2.77)

1.70

(0.72–3.99)

1.34

(0.89–2.01)

2.04

(0.89–4.66)

0.61

(0.35–1.08)

Household smoker

(ref.: no)

1.17

(1.06–1.30)**

1.12

(0.99–1.27)

1.32

(1.14–1.53)**

1.06

(0.99–1.14)

1.08

(0.93–1.26)

1.03

(0.94–1.13)

Child health insurance

(ref.: no insurance)

1.46

(1.18–1.82)**

1.20

(0.94–1.55)

0.97

(0.76–1.24)

1.22

(1.05–1.44)*

1.24

(0.94–1.63)

1.19

(0.98–1.43)

Number of household children

0.94

(0.89–0.98)**

0.99

(0.93–1.06)

0.92

(0.85–0.99)*

0.89

(0.86–0.93)**

0.88

(0.81–0.96)**

0.93

(0.89–0.98)**

Personal health profession. (ref.: no)

1.81

(1.55–2.11)**

1.36

(1.11–1.65)**

1.51

(1.20–1.90)**

1.87

(1.66–2.10)**

1.48

(1.19–1.84)**

1.21

(1.06–1.38)**

Region (ref.: New England)

      

   Great Lakes

0.93

(0.81–1.07)

0.82

(0.68–0.98)*

1.09

(0.88–1.35)

1.10

(0.99–1.23)

0.67

(0.54–0.83)**

0.82

(0.72–0.93)**

   Mid-east

0.95

(0.82–1.10)

0.79

(0.64–0.97)*

1.25

(0.99–1.57)

1.20

(0.98–1.35)**

1.07

(0.87–1.32)

0.91

(0.79–1.04)

   Plains

0.81

(0.70–0.94)**

0.77

(0.64–0.93)**

1.00

(0.80–1.26)

1.09

(0.98–1.22)

0.62

(0.49–0.78)**

0.81

(0.71–0.93)**

   Southeast

0.92

(0.81–1.04)

0.86

(0.73–1.01)

1.22

(1.00–1.48)

1.39

(1.26–1.53)**

0.88

(0.73–1.05)

0.80

(0.71–0.90)**

   Southwest

1.15

(0.96–1.37)

0.99

(0.78–1.25)

1.32

(1.00–1.73)*

1.89

(1.65–2.15)**

0.75

(0.57–1.00)*

0.74

(0.62–0.89)**

   Rockies

0.83

(0.70–0.99)*

0.81

(0.66–1.01)

0.77

(0.60–1.00)

1.27

(1.12–1.44)**

1.04

(0.83–1.31)

0.92

(0.80–1.07)

   Far west

0.82

(0.68–0.99)*

0.74

(0.58–0.95)*

0.95

(0.71–1.27)

0.91

(0.78–1.06)

0.83

(0.94–1.49)

0.72

(0.61–0.86)**

Pseudo R 2

0.033

0.066

0.070

0.038

0.019

0.024

BIC'

-1241.93

-1746.76

-1424.60

-2293.64

-125.79

-859.53

N †

77,995

69,153

69,143

78,185

78,290

78,297

  1. * p < .05; ** p < .01; †N = number of valid cases for each model.
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