Table 2 Predictors of broad-spectrum* antibiotic choice among pediatric visits with an antibiotic prescription in United States physician's offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments, 1998–2004
Characteristic | Proportion of Visits (%) (N = 6878) | Visits with a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Prescription (%)† | Adjusted OR (95% CI) of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Prescription |
|---|---|---|---|
Calendar year, per 1 y | 100 | -- | 1.07 (1.05 – 1.10) |
Sex | |||
Female | 47 | 46 | 1.00 |
Male | 53 | 54 | 1.02 (0.92 – 1.12) |
Age | |||
< 2 years | 49 | 48 | 1.00 |
≥ 2 years | 51 | 52 | 1.05 (0.94 – 1.18) |
Race | |||
White | 73 | 78 | 1.00 |
Non-White | 27 | 22 | 0.65 (0.58 – 0.73) |
Insurance | |||
Private | 43 | 47 | 1.00 |
Medicaid/Medicare | 43 | 41 | 0.85 (0.76 – 0.95) |
Self-pay & Other | 14 | 12 | 0.76 (0.65 – 0.89) |
Physician Specialty‡ | |||
Pediatrics | 60 | 59 | 1.00 |
Family Practice | 37 | 37 | 1.07 (0.91 – 1.24) |
Otolaryngology | 3 | 4 | 1.47 (0.96 – 2.25) |
Setting | |||
Physician Office | 17 | 22 | 1.00 |
Hospital Clinic | 29 | 29 | 0.77 (0.66 – 0.90) |
Emergency Department | 54 | 49 | 0.61 (0.53 – 0.71) |
Region | |||
West | 20 | 16 | 1.00 |
South | 26 | 41 | 2.27 (1.97 – 2.62) |
Midwest | 33 | 25 | 1.38 (1.19 – 1.60) |
Northeast | 21 | 18 | 1.15 (0.98 – 1.35) |
Fever | |||
No | 62 | 63 | 1.00 |
Yes | 38 | 37 | 0.96 (0.86 – 1.07) |
Ear Pain | |||
No | 68 | 70 | 1.00 |
Yes | 32 | 30 | 0.83 (0.73 – 0.94) |