Early growth patterns and cardiometabolic function at the age of 5 in a multiethnic birth cohort: the ABCD study

BMC Pediatrics

Table 1 Outcome variables and potential confounding/effect modifying variables

Cardiometabolic risk profile	Direct outcome variables	Derived outcome variables	Potential confounding/effect modifying (EM) variables
Body size, body composition and fat distribution	WC	BMI (primary outcome variable)	gender (EM)
		WHtR	prematurity (EM)
		Fat%	Family history positive for CVD or metabolic diseases
		FFM	maternal smoking
			maternal and paternal BMI
Insulin sensitivity	Gluc	HOMA-IR	maternal educational level and cohabitant status
		HOMA-%B	physical exercise
			sedentary behaviour
Lipid profile	TC		amount of sleep
	HDL		caloric intake
	TG		eating behaviour
			maternal attitude towards child weight
Blood pressure	SP	MAP
	DP
Autonomic regulation of cardiovascular function		HR
		RMSSD
		PEP

BMI = body mass index; CVD = cardiovascular disease; DP = diastolic blood pressure; Fat% = fat percentage; FFM = fat-free mass; Gluc = fasting plasma glucose; HDL = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-%B = homeostasis model assessment β cell function; HR = heart rate; MAP = mean arterial pressure; PEP = pre ejection period; RMSSD = root mean square of successive inter beat intervals; SP = systolic blood pressure; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglycerides; WC = waist circumference; WHtR = waist-height-ratio

ISSN: 1471-2431