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Table 8 Summary of all children who died before completing TB therapy; demographic data, HIV staging, TB diagnosis and timing of death in relation to TB treatment and HAART initiation

From: Clinical presentation and outcome of Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infected children on anti-retroviral therapy

 

Number (%)

Total deaths

16 (100)

Gender (Male)

8 (50)

Age (months); Median (range)

11.5 (4–110)

WHO* CD4 depletion

 

   not significant

2 (13)

   mild

0 (0)

   advanced

1 (6)

   severe

13 (81)

WHO clinical stage

 

   III

1 (6)

   IV

15 (94)

Disease manifestation

 

   Intra-thoracic TB

8 (50)

   Extra- and intra-thoracic TB

5 (31)

   Culture-confirmed M. tuberculosis

7 (44)

   MDR** TB

2 (13)

   TB & BCG# disease

1 (6)

   NTM##

1 (6)

Timing of death in relation to start of TB treatment

 

   <2 months

6 (38)

   ≥2 months

10 (62)

Timing of death in relation to HAART initiation

 

   <2 weeks

5 (31)

   2 weeks – 6 months

9 (56)

   >6 months

2 (13)

  1. *WHO, World Health Organization immunological classification for HIV-associated immunodeficiency in infants and children, 2006
  2. **MDR – multi-drug resistant (resistant to at least INH and RMP)
  3. #BCG – M. bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin;
  4. ##NTM – non-tuberculous mycobacteria