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Table 3 Study outcomes

From: How effective is tetracaine 4% gel, before a venipuncture, in reducing procedural pain in infants: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial

Outcome

n

Placebo

n

Tetracaine

Difference (95% CI)

p-value

PIPP, 1st minute, mean (sd)

68

7.62 (4.76)

69

7.71 (4.66)

-0.09 (-1.68, 1.50)

0.909

PIPP, 2nd minute, mean (sd)

53

6.45 (4.32)

51

6.84 (4.42)

-0.39 (-2.09, 1.31)

0.650

PIPP, 3rd minute, mean (sd)

25

8.44 (4.37)

26

5.96 (4.67)

2.48 (-0.07, 5.03)

0.056

PIPP, 4th minute, mean (sd)

12

8.17 (5.08)

14

5.29 (5.10)

2.88 (-1.25, 7.01)

0.163

Duration of cry in seconds, Median (range)

66

0.5 (0, 175)

64

5 (0, 159)

0 (-3, 0)

0.837

Ease of insertion, median (range)

71

2 (1, 5)

71

1 (1, 5)

0 (0, 0)

0.456

Number of attempts

71

1 (1, 2)

71

1 (1, 2)

0 (0, 0)

0.414

Venipuncture successful, n (%)

71

36 (50.7)

71

46 (64.8)

-14.1 (-29.3, 2.1)

0.126