| Mild GDM | Not GDM | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Treatment Group | Routine Care Group | Control Group | |||
Characteristic | n = 46 | Â | n = 49 | Â | n = 133 | Â |
Maternal Age (years) | 31.7 | 5.2 | 30.1 | 4.4 | 29.2 | 5.5 |
Parity* | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 25 | 54.3 | 32 | 65.3 | 74 | 55.6 |
   1–3 | 20 | 43.5 | 16 | 32.7 | 55 | 41.4 |
   4 + | 1 | 2.2 | 1 | 2.0 | 4 | 3.0 |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) †| 26 | 23.9–32.0 | 25.8 | 22.8–29.4 | 24.9 | 22.4–29.1 |
Smoking* | 6 | 13.0 | 5 | 10.2 | 26 | 19.5 |