Table 3 A comparison of the proportion of stunted children among males and females in each of the asset index quintile from 1^st(poorest) to 5^th(least poor) and in each of the mothers' education groups.

Zimbabwe (1999)

M

33.1

28.4

27.3

24.2

24.3

0.007

31.0

31.9

22.7

0.001

F

30.6

28.9

23.7

23.8

14.5

0.001

36.9

25.9

21.7

0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.49

0.90

0.46

0.91

0.01

0.35

0.02

0.67

Zambia (2001/02)^b

M

57.0

51.5

47.9

34.1

< 0.001

53.8

52.4

36.1

< 0.001

F

52.0

46.2

44.5

36.1

< 0.001

52.2

47.5

35.9

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.03

0.04

0.30

0.48

0.64

< 0.01

0.95

Zambia (1996)

M

49.0

51.9

47.0

43.5

28.3

< 0.001

50.0

46.5

33.4

< 0.001

F

54.1

52.4

44.3

39.3

25.2

< 0.001

51.1

45.4

30.9

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.20

0.83

0.48

0.11

0.28

0.76

0.53

0.37

Uganda (2000/01)

M

46.9

45.9

44.0

30.8

26.7

< 0.001

46.7

39.4

26.7

< 0.001

F

44.2

41.1

39.5

33.1

22.5

< 0.001

46.7

34.9

25.7

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.38

0.13

0.11

0.45

0.14

0.99

< 0.01

0.77

Uganda (1995/6)

M

44.7

44.9

42.2

35.9

21.6

< 0.001

44.6

38.9

23.2

< 0.001

F

42.1

38.1

32.4

35.8

16.9

< 0.001

41.6

32.9

19.3

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.40

0.04

< 0.01

1.00

0.08

0.30

< 0.01

0.21

Tanzania (1999)

M

54.7

47.3

37.8

36.9

22.6

< 0.001

44.9

42.4

19.7

< 0.001

F

53.1

41.9

44.9

32.6

19.0

< 0.001

47.0

38.1

19.9

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.67

0.31

0.23

0.28

0.35

0.59

0.09

0.98

Tanzania (1996)^b

M

56.2

47.2

45.5

29.6

< 0.001

52.9

44.3

31.0

< 0.001

F

50.5

44.0

40.7

30.5

< 0.001

48.1

41.7

24.2

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.01

0.22

0.16

0.74

0.06

0.12

0.22

Nigeria (2003)

M

52.4

51.8

42.8

33.1

24.1

< 0.001

52.7

39.6

21.6

< 0.001

F

44.2

44.0

36.2

33.7

19.6

< 0.001

45.9

32.1

19.6

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.01

0.04

0.03

0.85

0.11

< 0.01

0.01

0.38

Nigeria (1999)

M

58.2

54.4

47.2

46.8

41.1

0.002

57.4

43.2

43.4

0.002

F

52.4

53.6

44.4

34.8

36.2

0.001

55.2

36.6

34.6

0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.41

0.88

0.66

0.03

0.34

0.68

0.17

0.04

Namibia (2000)

M

30.7

23.0

23.8

20.7

13.9

< 0.001

29.8

26.7

17.0

< 0.001

F

31.4

24.3

17.2

20.3

10.3

< 0.001

30.7

24.3

14.4

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.87

0.72

0.08

0.89

0.19

0.84

0.38

0.20

Malawi (2000)

M

57.0

56.2

48.8

48.2

34.6

< 0.001

53.7

48.3

28.7

< 0.001

F

53.2

48.9

47.1

46.4

34.0

< 0.001

52.2

45.1

26.7

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.07

0.01

0.48

0.40

0.78

0.44

< 0.01

0.57

Kenya (2003)

M

39.6

35.7

34.4

25.8

24.0

< 0.001

36.2

35.7

20.8

< 0.005

F

35.2

29.3

29.1

24.1

11.5

< 0.001

31.8

29.8

13.7

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.18

0.02

0.08

0.58

0.01

0.17

< 0.01

< 0.01

Kenya (1998)

M

46.0

42.3

28.2

31.7

25.5

< 0.001

44.5

37.2

24.0

< 0.001

F

37.0

35.9

25.3

27.9

15.3

< 0.001

42.9

30.9

16.0

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.03

0.10

0.41

0.31

0.01

0.76

< 0.01

< 0.01

Ghana (2003)

M

39.2

40.6

29.7

36.0

20.7

< 0.001

41.0

29.1

25.1

< 0.001

F

36.3

33.3

24.1

31.0

15.4

< 0.001

36.3

20.8

21.8

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.52

0.03

0.13

0.20

0.11

0.06

0.01

0.12

Ghana (1998)

M

37.8

35.1

39.4

28.9

13.8

< 0.001

35.8

32.8

22.2

< 0.001

F

34.4

27.0

27.5

25.2

12.2

< 0.001

31.9

24.5

18.2

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.42

0.01

0.08

0.31

0.60

0.15

0.04

0.12

Cameroon (1998)

M

38.2

35.5

36.5

25.6

14.9

< 0.001

41.3

28.3

20.7

< 0.001

F

32.0

32.6

22.5

18.9

18.2

< 0.001

35.0

24.4

17.6

< 0.001

Pearson χ ² test

0.24

0.56

0.01

0.14

0.42

0.13

0.23

0.37