Table 2 The 16 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) studied; with country, year of study, age groups and total number of children included in this analysis.
Country | Year of Study | Age in months | Total a | Mean Z-scores a | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||
Zimbabwe | 1999 | 0–59 | 1335 | 1297 | -1.16 (1.5) | -0.97 (1.6) | 0.002 |
Zambia | 2001/02 | 0–59 | 2723 | 2707 | -1.94 (1.5) | -1.84 (1.6) | 0.011 |
Zambia | 1996 | 0–59 | 2688 | 2815 | -1.80 (1.5) | -1.74 (1.5) | 0.147 |
Uganda | 2000/01 | 0–59 | 2548 | 2597 | -1.62 (1.5) | -1.55 (1.4) | 0.058 |
Uganda | 1995/6 | 0–47 | 2204 | 2315 | -1.57 (1.5) | -1.38 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
Tanzania | 1999 | 0–59 | 1272 | 1242 | -1.71 (1.3) | -1.64 (1.3) | 0.170 |
Tanzania | 1996 | 0–59 | 2668 | 2558 | -1.83 (1.4) | -1.70 (1.5) | 0.002 |
Nigeria | 2003 | 0–59 | 2165 | 2128 | -1.55 (1.8) | -1.39 (1.8) | 0.002 |
Nigeria | 1999 | 0–35 | 739 | 717 | -1.76 (2.1) | -1.50 (2.1) | 0.017 |
Namibia | 2000 | 0–59 | 1472 | 1437 | -1.03 (1.4) | -0.91 (1.4) | 0.019 |
Malawi | 2000 | 0–59 | 4557 | 4605 | -1.88 (1.6) | -1.75 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
Kenya | 2003 | 0–59 | 2366 | 2353 | -1.29 (1.5) | -1.08 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
Kenya | 1998 | 0–35 | 1451 | 1448 | -1.29 (1.7) | -1.15 (1.6) | 0.026 |
Ghana | 2003 | 0–59 | 1567 | 1527 | -1.42 (1.4) | -1.20 (1.5) | < 0.001 |
Ghana | 1998 | 0–59 | 1288 | 1338 | -1.26 (1.5) | -1.12 (1.5) | 0.026 |
Cameroon | 1998 | 0–59 | 905 | 879 | -1.17 (1.6) | -1.03 (1.5) | 0.056 |
All studies | 1995 to 2003 | 0–59 | 31948 | 31963 | -1.59 (1.6) | -1.46 (1.6) | < 0.001 |