Table 1 Diagnoses and Interventions seen in the PED for which there is Level I Evidence
From: Treatment in the pediatric emergency department is evidence based: a retrospective analysis
Diagnosis | Intervention | Number of Patients | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Evidence from Pediatric Studies | |||
msk pain/soft tissue injury | analgesic | 17 | Clark 2003[10] |
Asthma exacerbation | inhaled β-agonist | 12 | Travers 2001[11] |
radial fracture | reduction & cast | 10 | McLauchlan 2002[12] |
otitis media | PO antibiotics | 10 | Kozyrskyj 2000[13] |
dehydration (failed PO rehydration) | IV rehydration | 6 | Atherly-John 2002[14] |
bronchiolitis | salbutamol | 6 | Kellner 2000[15] |
dehydration | PO rehydration | 5 | Atherly-John 2002[14] |
urinary tract infection | PO antibiotics | 5 | Hoberman 1999[16] |
constipation | suppository/enema | 5 | Dashshan 1999[17] |
laceration | sutures | 4 | Barnett 1998[18] |
croup | PO steroids | 4 | Ausejo 2000[19] |
suspected occult bacteremia | IM/IV antibiotics | 3 | Bass 1993[20] |
tonsillitis | PO antibiotics | 3 | Del Mar 2000[21] |
urticaria | cetirizine | 2 | Simons 2000[22] |
Kawasaki Syndrome | IVIG & ASA | 2 | Newburger 1986[23] |
alcohol intoxication | intubation | 2 | Gausche-Hill 2000[24] |
generalized tonic-clonic seizure in known epileptic | increase clobazam dose | 1 | Booth 1998[25] |
radial head subluxation | reduction by hyperpronation | 1 | Macias 1998[26] |
epistaxis | silver nitrate | 1 | Ruddy 1991[27] |
behavior problems | referral for counselling | 1 | Dishion 1995[28] |
bronchiolitis | racemic epinephrine | 1 | Menon 1995[29] |
viral conjunctivitis | polysporin ointment | 1 | Isenberg 2002[30] |
laceration | tissue glue | 1 | Barnett 1998[18] |
constipation | polyethylene glycol | 1 | Dashshan 1999[17] |
dog bite | IV antibiotics & debridement | 1 | Medeiros 2001[31] |
burn | delayed graft | 1 | Desai 1991[32] |
reflux esophagitis | conservative reflux measures | 1 | Craig 2004[33] |
pain (following MVC trauma) | morphine infusion | 1 | Hendrickson 1990[34] |
reflux esophagitis | ranitidine | 1 | Cucchiara 1993[35] |
varicella zoster | supportive care | 1 | Klassen 2002[36] |
atopic dermatitis | hydrocortisone cream | 1 | Alonso 1999[37] |
meningitis exposure (H flu) | PO antibiotics | 1 | Daum 1981[38] |
dislocated patella | relocation under sedation | 1 | Nikku 1997[39] |
Evidence from Adult Studies | |||
migraine headache | metoclopramide | 3 | Colman 2003[40] |
proximal humerus fracture | cast & sling | 3 | Gibson 2003[41] |
ankle fracture | cast | 2 | Phillips 1985[42] |
gastritis | antacids | 1 | Moayyedi 2003[43] |
clavicle fracture | sling | 1 | Andersen 1987[44] |
prozac overdose (2 hours previous) | supportive care | 1 | Yeates 2000[45] |
tibial fracture | internal fixation | 1 | Wyrsch 1996[46] |
epididymitis | PO antibiotics | 1 | Redfern 1984[47] |
panic attack | sublingual short-acting benzodiazepine | 1 | Dunner 1986[48] |
aphthous ulcers | viscous lidocaine | 1 | Saxen 1997[49] |
fracture T12 vertebrae | T11–12 instrumentation & fusion | 1 | Shen 2001[50] |
aggression | haloperidol & lorazepam | 1 | Gillies 2001[51] |
tibial fracture | reduction & cast | 1 | Abdel-Salem 1991[52] |
acetaminophen overdose | N-acetylcysteine | 1 | Brok 2002[53] |
gastrostomy tube fell out | insertion of foley catheter | 1 | Kadakia 1994[54] |
increased intracranial pressure | mannitol | 1 | Schierhout 2003[55] |
migraine headache | NSAID | 1 | Bussone 1999[56] |