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Table 1 Summary of primary studies characteristics

From: Accuracy of clinical pallor in the diagnosis of anaemia in children: a meta-analysis

Author

Year

Country

Location

Ages

Number

Setting

Pallor

Haemoglobin cut-off assessed (g/dL)

Wurapa FK31

1986

Zambia

Rural

< 4 y

12

Outpatient

C

<11

Thaver IH32

1994

Pakistan

Urban

6 m-5 y

947

Outpatient

C,N,P,T

<11

Luby SP11

1995

Malawi

Rural

< 6 y

1104

Outpatient

C,N,P,T

<11, <8, <5

Sdepanian VL33

1996

Brazil

Urban

6 m-5 y

143

Outpatient

C,G,N,P,T

<11

Kalter HD34

1997

Bangladesh

Urban

2 m-5 y

482

Emergency

C,P

<11, <8, <5

Zucker JR10

1997

Kenya

NS

2 m-5 y

1666

Outpatient

C,N,P,T

<8, <5

   

NS

2 m-5 y

1048

Inpatient

C,N,P,T

<8, <5

Stoltzfus RJ35

1999

Tanzania

Urban

< 5 ya

613

Outpatient

C,N,P

<7,

   

Urban

< 5 yb

537

Outpatient

C,N,P

<7

   

Urban

> 5 y

3302

Outpatient

C,N,P

<7

Getaneh T36

2000

Ethiopia

Urban

2 m-5 y

574

Outpatient

C,N,P,T

<11, <8, <7, <5

Muhe L37

2000

Ethiopia

Rural

2 m-5 y

2540

Outpatient

C,N,P,T

<8, <5

Wamae CN38

2000

Kenya

Rural

2–4 y

574

Outpatient

P

<11

Desai MR 29

2002

Kenya

Rural

< 5 y

3782

Outpatient

C,G,N,P,T

<7, <5

Observers

Kappa

Anaemia Prev.

Malaria area

Worm area

Haemoglobin Technique

Quality Score

Physicians

No

16%

NS

NS

Coulter

12

Physicians

No

78%

NS

NS

Hemocue

12

Health workers

No

82%

NS

NS

Spectrophotometer

13

Paediatricians/Res.

No

41%

NS

NS

Coulter

11

Paediatricians

No

81%

No

NS

Hemocue

11

Physicians

No

59%

NS

NS

Hemocue

12

Physicians

No

91%

NS

NS

Hemocue

 

Health workers

No

81%

NS

Yes

Hemocue

14

Health workers

No

52%

NS

Yes

Hemocue

 

Health workers

No

32%

NS

Yes

Hemocue

 

Nurses

Yes

46%

Yes

Yes

Hemocue

12

Physicians

Yes

61%

Yes

Ns

Hemocue

13

Health workers

No

61%

Yes

Yes

Spectrophotometer

12

Parents

No

66%

NS

NS

Hemocue

14

  1. NS: Not stated, C: Conjunctiva, N: Nailbed, P: Palm, T: Tongue, G: General, Res.: residents, Prev.: prevalence. a and b are referred to cohorts studied in 1996 and 1997, respectively.