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Table 3 Summary of results for studies of microscopy

From: Rapid tests and urine sampling techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years: a systematic review

Microscopy positive for:

Number of studies

Range in LR+

Pooled LR+ (95 % CI)*

Range in LR-

Pooled LR- (95 % CI)*

Pyuria

28

1.3 – 27.7

5.9 (4.1, 8.5)

0.04 – 0.68

0.27 (0.20, 0.37)

Bacteriuria

22

1.6 – 304.8

14.7 (8.6, 24.9)

0.01 – 0.48

0.19 (0.14, 0.24)

Pyuria or bacteriuria

8

1.5 – 5.9

4.2 (2.3, 7.6)

0.02 – 0.27

0.11 (0.05, 0.23)

Pyuria and bacteriuria

8

2.7 – 281.0

37.0 (11.0, 125.9)

0.07 – 0.56

0.21 (0.13, 0.36)

  1. * There was significant heterogeneity in all pooled estimates therefore these should be interpreted with caution