Table 2 Summary of results for studies of dipstick tests
Dipstick positive for: | Number of studies | Range in LR+ | Pooled LR+ (95 % CI)* | Range in LR- | Pooled LR- (95 % CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nitrite | 23 | 2.5 – 439.6 | 15.9 (10.7, 23.7) | 0.12 – 0.86 | 0.51 (0.43, 0.60) |
LE | 14 | 2.6 – 32.2 | 5.5 (4.1, 7.3) | 0.02 – 0.66 | 0.26 (0.18, 0.36) |
Nitrite or LE | 15 | 3.0 – 32.2 | 6.1 (4.3, 8.6) | 0.03 – 0.39 | 0.20 (0.16, 0.26) |
Nitrite and LE | 9 | 6.3 – 197.1 | 28.2 (17.3–46.0) | 0.07 – 0.86 | 0.37 (0.26, 0.52) |
Glucose | 4 | 25.2 – 156.1 | 66.3 (20.0, 219.6) | 0.02 – 0.38 | 0.07 (0.01, 0.83) |
Protein | 2 | 1.7 & 1.8 | na | 0.78 & 0.96 | na |
Blood | 1 | 2.3 | na | 0.84 | na |
LE and protein | 1 | 17.4 | na | 0.12 | na |
Nitrite, blood, or protein | 1 | 2.7 | na | 0.28 | na |
Nitrite, blood, or LE | 1 | 1.3 | na | 0.50 | na |
Nitite, blood and LE | 1 | 3.5 | na | 0.19 | na |
Nitrite, LE and protein | 2 | 3.1 & 69.2 | na | 0.05 & 0.17 | na |
Nitrite, LE, or protein | 1 | 1.9 | na | 0.05 | na |
Nitrite, LE, protein, or blood | 1 | 8.0 | na | 0.19 | na |