Parents' psychological adjustment in families of children with Spina Bifida: a meta-analysis

Vermaes, Ignace PR; Janssens, Jan MAM; Bosman, Anna MT; Gerris, Jan RM

doi:10.1186/1471-2431-5-32

BMC Pediatrics

Table 1 Study and sample characteristics of reports on parents' psychological adjustment

From: Parents' psychological adjustment in families of children with Spina Bifida: a meta-analysis

Reports included in meta-analysis	N	Design	Comparison Group	Parent Gender	Child Impairment¹	Child Age	Child Treatment	Outcome Measure²
Barakat & Linney, 1992 [31]	29	Prospective	Control	Mothers	SB (MMC-non retarded)	6–11	Early	BSI
Barakat & Linney, 1995 [32]	29	Prospective	Control	Mothers	SB (MMC-non retarded)	6–11	Early	BSI
Evans, Tew, & Laurence, 1986 [48]	124	Longitudinal	Control	Fathers	Combined: NTD	18	Late	General Health Questionnaire
Fagan & Schor, 1993 [61]	50	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers	SB	M = 8.1	Early	Malaise Inventory
Holmbeck, Gorey-Ferguson, Hudson, Seefeldt, Shapera, Turner, & Uhler, 1997 [43]	55	Prospective	Control	Mothers & fathers	SB	8–9	Early	SCL-90R
Horton & Wallander, 2001 [23]	33	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers	SB	M = 10.6	Early	BSI
Kazak & Marvin, 1984 [62]	56	Prospective	Control	Mothers & fathers	SB (MMC)	1–16	Early	Langner Symptom Checklist
King, King, Rosenbaum, & Goffin, 1999 [22]	164	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers & fathers	Combined: CP, SB, NOS	3–6	Early	SCL-90R
Kronenberger & Thompson, 1992 [20]	66	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers	SB (MMC)	0–18	Early	SCL-90R
Kronenberger & Thompson, 1992 [21]	66	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers	SB (MMC)	0–18	Early	SCL-90R
Lemanek, Jones, & Lieberman, 2000 [56]	59	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers	SB-non retarded	3–16	Early	SCL-90R
Tew & Laurence, 1973 [33]	51	Longitudinal	Norm scores	Mothers	SB	M = 11.6	Late	Malaise Inventory
Tew & Laurence, 1975 [34]	51	Longitudinal	None	Mothers	SB	M = 11.6	Late	Malaise Inventory
Wallander, Varni, Babani, DeHaan, Thompson, Wilcox, & Tweddle Banis, 1989 [14]	50	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers	Combined: SB, CP	6–11	Early	Malaise Inventory
Wiegner & Donders, 2000 [45]	34	Prospective	Norm scores	Mothers	SB	3–12	Early	BSI
Reports excluded from meta-analysis	N	Design	Comparison Group	Parent Gender	Child Impairment ¹	Child Age	Child Treatment	Outcome Measure ²
Dorner, 1973 [63]	63	Prospective	None	Mothers	SB	13–19	Late	Malaise Inventory
Dorner, 1974 [44]	63	Prospective	None	Mothers	SB	13–19	Late	Malaise Inventory
Dorner, 1975 [64]	63	Prospective	None	Mothers	SB	13–19	Late	Malaise Inventory
Dorner & Atwell, 1985 [65]	25	Prospective	None	Mothers & fathers	Non-surviving SB	-	-	Malaise Inventory
Downey, 1981 [66]		Cohorts	None	-	Combined: SB, Down syndrome	0–2	-	Standardized questionnaire
Eden-Piercy, Blacher, & Eyman, 1986 [67]	77	Prospective	None	Mothers	Combined: SB, autistism, mentally retarded	1–10	Early	Questionnaire on emotions
Hare, Laurence, Payne, & Rawnsley, 1966 [52]	120	Longitudinal	None	Mothers & fathers	Combined: SB, ANC, HYDRO		Late	Semi-structured interview
Kazak, 1987 [46]	125	Prospective	Control	Mothers & fathers	Combined: SB, PKU, mentally retarded	1–16	Early	Langner Symptom Checklist
Kolin, Scherzer, New, & Garfield, 1971 [68]	13	Prospective	None	Mothers	SB (MMC)	7–11	Late	Psychiatric observation
Kronenberger, 1991(abstract) [69]	66	Prospective	None	Mothers	SB (MMC)	0–18	Early	SCL-90R
Loebig, 1990 [70]	10	Prospective	None	Mothers	SB (MMC)	5–11	Early	Semi-structured interview
McAndrew, 1976 [47]	116	Retrospective	None	Mothers & fathers	Combined: MMC, CP, limb deficit	5–10	-	Semi-structured interview
Murdoch, 1984 [53]	109	Retrospective	None	Mothers	SB	2–10	Early	Semi-structured interview
Nielsen, 1980 [54]	30	Longitudinal	None	Mothers	SB (MMC)	0–6	Early	Semi-structured interview
Richards & McIntosh, 1973 [71]	86	Prospective	None	Mothers & fathers	SB (SBA)	2–6	Late	Semi-structured interview
Rolle, Niemeyer, & Grafe, 2000 [72]	80	Retrospective	None	Mothers & fathers	Combined: SB, HYDRO	0–18	Early	Coping Skills
Spaulding & Morgan, 1986 [59]	19	Prospective	Control	Mothers & fathers	SB-non retarded	5–15	Early	Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Walker, Thomas, & Russell, 1971 [55]	108	Retrospective	None	Mothers & fathers	SB	0–3	Early	Standardized questionnaire

¹ANC = anencephaly, CP = cerebral palsy, HYDRO = hydrocephalus, MMC = myelomeningocele, NOS = not otherwise specified, NTD = neural tube defect, PKU = phenylketonuria, SB = spina bifida, SBA = spina bifida aperta.
²BSI = Brief Symptom Inventory, SCL-90R = Symptom CheckList-90 items Revised.

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