Motives for choosing growth-enhancing hormone treatment in adolescents with idiopathic short stature: a questionnaire and structured interview study

Table 3 Psychological functioning and distress as reported by the adolescents with short stature.

Variable	n	d	SD	t	p
Perceived competence (CBSK):
Scholastic competence	31	0.15	1.06	0.78	0.45
Social acceptance	31	0.37	1.00	2.04	0.05	*
Athletic competence	31	0.22	1.11	1.08	0.29
Physical appearance	31	-0.21	0.98	-1.22	0.23
Behavior/conscience	31	0.17	1.05	0.90	0.38
Global self-worth	31	0.02	1.08	0.07	0.94
Psychological distress (ZBV-K):
State anxiety	37	-0.01	1.06	-0.08	0.94
Trait anxiety	37	0.09	1.12	-0.52	0.61
Personality characteristics (NPV-J):
Inadequacy	38	-0.08	0.88	-0.52	0.61
Perseverance	38	0.34	0.95	2.20	0.03	*
Social inadequacy	38	0.05	0.82	0.36	0.72
Recalcitrance	38	-0.05	0.97	-0.32	0.75
Domination	38	0.23	1.07	1.34	0.19

Mean scores (d), standard deviations (SD), and t and p values. The d values reflect the deviations from the Dutch normative population in standard deviation units, where a positive score indicates that the adolescents with short stature judged themselves to have higher perceived competence, more anxiety, and a higher score on personality scales than the norm group, respectively.
The d values have the following common effect sizes: a value smaller than 0.2 reflects no deviation from the norm, while values between 0.2 and 0.5, between 0.5 and 0.8, and greater than 0.8 reflect small, moderate, and large deviations, respectively [42]. T-tests examined whether norm deviation scores deviated from zero (the norm).
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2431