Table 1 Sample size (N), characteristics of participants and follow-up rate
1999-2000 | 2009-2011 | Follow-up rate | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age in years - mean and (SD) | 1.5 (1.4) | 12.2 (1.5) | - |
N (%) | N (%) | % | |
Age (in years) | |||
<1 | 1186 (49.3) | 842 (49.1) | 71.0 |
1-2 | 512 (21.3) | 370 (21.5) | 72.3 |
>2 | 707 (29.4) | 504 (29.4) | 71.3 |
p = 0.86 | |||
Gender | |||
Male | 1224 (50.9) | 870 (50.7) | 71.1 |
Female | 1181 (49.1) | 846 (49.3) | 71,6 |
p = 0.76 | |||
Birth weight (g) | |||
≥ 4000 | 143 (6.9) | 102 (5.9) | 71.3 |
3000-3999 | 1619 (67.6) | 1160 (67.6) | 71.7 |
2500-2999 | 483 (20.1) | 344 (20.1) | 71.2 |
< 2500 | 160 (6.4) | 110 (6.4) | 68.7 |
p = 0.89 | |||
Height-for-age at birth (z-score) * | |||
≥ −2 z-score | 270 (11.1) | 195 (11.3) | 72.2 |
< −2 z-score | 2123 (88.7) | 1512 (62.9) | 71.2 |
p = 0.73 | |||
BMI-for-age (z-score) | |||
Thinness (< −2 z-score) | 68 (2.8) | 41 (2.4) | 60.3 |
Adequate (≥ −2 to ≤ 1 z-score) | 1857 (77.2) | 1325 (77.2) | 71.3 |
Overweight (>1 to ≤ 2 z-score) | 371 (15.4) | 270 (15.7) | 72.8 |
Obesity (>2 z-score) | 108 (4.5) | 80 (4.7) | 74.1 |
p = 0.18 | |||
Height-for-age (z-score) | |||
≥ −2 z-score | 146 (8.0) | 90 (5.3) | 61.6 |
< −2 z-score | 2258 (93.9) | 1626 (94.8) | 72.0 |
p = 0.01 | |||
Socioeconomic position † | |||
A (high-income) | 86 (3.6) | 57 (3.3) | 66.3 |
B | 289 (12.0) | 206 (12.0) | 71.3 |
C | 1019 (42.4) | 743 (43.3) | 72.9 |
D | 807 (33.5) | 577 (33.6) | 71.5 |
E (low-income) | 204 (8.5) | 133 (7.7) | 65.2 |
p = 0.19 | |||
Maternal schooling (years) ‡ | |||
≥ 12 | 206 (8.6) | 153 (8.9) | 74.3 |
9 – 11 | 638 (26.5) | 480 (28.0) | 75.2 |
5 – 8 | 1363 (56.7) | 956 (55.7) | 70.1 |
0 – 4 | 177 (7.4) | 113 (6.6) | 63.8 |
p = 0.02 | |||
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | |||
Yes | 271 (11.3) | 167 (9.7) | 61.6 |
No | 2133 (88.7) | 1549 (90.3) | 72.6 |
p < 0.01 |