Table 2 Projects associated with EPIPAGE 2

CHORHIST (G Kayem, D Subtil, Obstetricians)

To identify histological chorioamnionitis by examining the placentas of all children born between 22 and 31 weeks in 23 perinatal centers and to study it in relation to short- and long-term outcomes (N = 1406).

BIOPAG (P Boileau, Pediatrician, V. Benhammou, Biologist)

To determine genetic markers of mother and child and their relation to short- and long-term outcomes. Maternal and cord blood samples (DNA, RNA) were collected at birth in 14 perinatal centers (N = 149).

ETHICS (L Foix-L’Hélias, Pediatrician, Epidemiologist)

To assess situations in which limitation of care is discussed during prenatal or neonatal care and to analyze the decision-making processes that led to limitations, withdrawals, or substitutions of palliative care, or continuation of care among extremely preterm infants (live born, stillborn, and pregnancy terminations < 27 weeks) born in 18 perinatal centers (N = 419).

EPIPPAIN 2 (R Carbajal, Pediatrician)

To analyze painful procedures in neonatal intensive care units and their relation to child health and development in all infants born very preterm in Paris-area level III facilities and included in the EPIPAGE 2 cohort (N = 562).

EPIRMEX (E Saliba, Pediatrician)

To study executive functions and language development during early childhood as a function of abnormalities detected by MRI at term among babies born at gestation ages of 26 to 31 weeks in 15 perinatal centers where conventional and advanced MRI techniques (3D MRI for the volume measurements, diffusion tensor images for tractography analysis) were available (N = 582).

EPIFLORE (MJ Butel, Microbiologist)

To study the development of the intestinal microbiota and to analyze the associations between these abnormalities and diseases of early childhood, childhood, and adolescence (e.g., allergies, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes) among very preterm children born in 19 perinatal centers (N = 728).

EPINUTRI (A Lapillonne, Pediatrician)

To study associations between neonatal nutrient intake (of polyunsaturated fatty acids, iron, and milk, with breastfeeding considered separately) and child development in a sample of very preterm infants, i.e., 22–31 weeks born in the Paris area (N = 325).

OLIMPE (JB Muller, Pediatrician, C Arnaud, Epidemiologist, C Lebeaux, Pediatrician, Epidemiologist)

To explore mother-infant attachment at hospital discharge and at 6 months among very preterm children born in 12 perinatal centers to 1) identify factors linked to the child's health status and to the organization of the neonatal unit that might influence interactions between mothers and their children; and 2) investigate whether the quality of early mother-infant interactions is associated with further child development and behaviour (N = 167).