CYP19A1 promoter methylation in saliva associated with milestones of pubertal timing in urban girls

BMC Pediatrics

Table 3 Interaction of body size and relative gene methylation in predicting age at pubertal development

	Pubic hair (PH2)		Breast (B2)
	N	HR (95% CI)	N	HR (95% CI)
*CYP19A1* (N = 120)
Normal weight, high methylation	37	1.00 (referent)	37	(referent)
Normal weight, low methylation	39	1.04 (0.63, 1.7)	39	0.82 (0.50, 1.33)
Overweight, high methylation	25	1.05 (0.61, 1.81)	25	1.32 (0.78, 2.23)
Overweight, low methylation	24	1.80 (1.04, 3.12)	24	2.15 (1.23, 3.76)
p for interaction		0.21		0.085
*PPARG* (N = 124)
Normal weight, low methylation	35	1.00 (referent)	35	1.00 (referent)
Normal weight, high methylation	44	1.10 (0.65, 1.85)	44	1.33 (0.81, 2.18)
Overweight, low methylation	29	1.42 (0.83, 2.42)	29	1.84 (1.08, 3.13)
Overweight, high methylation	21	1.21 (0.67, 2.18)	21	1.94 (1.08, 3.49)
p for interaction		0.52		0.55

Overweight was defined as BMI at or above the 85^th percentile for age. ‘Low’ and ‘high’ methylation were defined as below or above the median level of % methylation for each gene locus (89% for CYP19A1, 10.4% for PPARG). Models were adjusted for child race/ethnicity, and caregiver education (< vs. ≥ high school).

ISSN: 1471-2431