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Table 5 Coefficients of caste group on MDI, PDI and BRS scores of BSID II at 6, 24, and 36 months using multivariate regression model

From: Impact of caste on the neurodevelopment of young children from birth to 36 months of age: a birth cohort study in Chitwan Valley, Nepal

   

Brahmin

Chetri

Vaishya

Shudra

p for trend

Constant

   

(N = 37)

(N = 13)

(N = 26)

(N = 18)

6 months

MDI

Crude

Ref

1.4 (-1.6 to 4.3)

3.7 (1.3 to 6.0)

1.0 (-1.6 to 3.7)

0.07

103.1

(n = 94)

 

Model 1

Ref

2.1 (-0.9 to 5.1)

4.0 (1.4 to 6.7)

1.0 (-2.1 to 4.1)

0.15

118.4

  

Model 2

Ref

2.1 (-0.9 to 5.1)

3.9 (1.2 to 6.7)

1.0 (-2.1 to 4.1)

0.19

118.5

 

PDI

Crude

Ref

-0.5 (-6.6 to 5.5)

-0.9 (-5.7 to 4.0)

-0.4 (-5.8 to 5.0)

0.80

102.2

  

Model 1

Ref

1.6 (-4.6 to 7.9)

1.1 (-4.4 to 6.6)

2.2 (-4.3 to 8.7)

0.52

123.0

  

Model 2

Ref

1.6 (-4.6 to 7.9)

1.0 (-4.7 to 6.8)

2.2 (-4.4 to 8.8)

0.53

123.0

 

BRS

Crude

Ref

6.2 (-3.4 to 15.9)

-0.1 (-7.8 to 7.6)

-4.0 (-12.6 to 4.6)

0.39

119.9

  

Model 1

Ref

6.9 (-2.9 to 16.7)

4.5 (-4.1 to 13.2)

-0.2 (-10.3 to 10.0)

0.82

76.7

  

Model 2

Ref

6.8 (-2.8 to 16.5)

2.9 (-5.9 to 11.7)

-1.1 (-11.3 to 9.0)

0.95

77.6

24 months

MDI

Crude

Ref

2.1 (-6.1 to 10.2)

-2.1 (-8.8 to 4.5)

-1.8 (-9.2 to 5.7)

0.49

91.6

(n = 89)

 

Model 1

Ref

4.6 (-2.9 to 12.2)

5.1 (-1.8 to 11.9)

4.4 (-3.7 to 12.4)

0.19

0.73

  

Model 2

Ref

4.8 (-2.7 to 12.4)

6.3 (-0.7 to 13.3)

5.0 (-3.1 to 13.1)

0.13

-3.7

 

PDI

Crude

Ref

4.0 (-5.5 to 13.6)

-2.5 (-10.3 to 5.3)

0.2 (-8.5 to 8.9)

0.75

103.3

  

Model 1

Ref

6.4 (-3.0 to 15.7)

3.1 (-5.3 to 11.5)

4.2 (-5.8 to 14.1)

0.42

-184.5

  

Model 2

Ref

6.3 (-3.0 to 15.7)

3.0 (-5.7 to 11.7)

4.1 (-5.9 to 14.2)

0.43

-184.4

 

BRS

Crude

Ref

-0.5 (-11.5 to 10.5)

-0.6 (-9.6 to 8.4)

-4.7 (-14.8 to 5.3)

0.43

106.9

  

Model 1

Ref

-0.3 (-11.7 to 11.1)

1.2 (-9.1 to 11.5)

-6.1 (-18.2 to 6.1)

0.49

-57.2

  

Model 2

Ref

-0.4 (-11.8 to 11.0)

0.2 (-10.5 to 10.8)

-6.7 (-18.9 to 5.6)

0.39

-52.3

36 months

MDI

Crude

Ref

-1.4 (-7.9 to 5.2)

1.4 (-3.9 to 6.7)

-5.8 (-11.6 to 0.0)

0.20

97.4

(n = 83)

 

Model 1

Ref

-0.8 (-6.4 to 4.7)

3.0 (-1.8 to 7.9)

-1.9 (-8.0 to 4.1)

0.91

533.4

  

Model 2

Ref

-0.8 (-6.4 to 4.5)

2.7 (-2.3 to 7.7)

-2.1 (-8.2 to 4.1)

0.98

538.5

 

PDI

Crude

Ref

-4.3 (-10.5 to 1.8)

-0.6 (-5.6 to 4.4)

-2.0 (-7.5 to 3.5)

0.60

115.7

  

Model 1

Ref

-3.6 (-9.0 to 1.9)

-0.5 (-5.2 to 4.3)

-1.4 (-7.3 to 4.6)

0.74

438.5

  

Model 2

Ref

-3.5 (-8.9 to 1.8)

-1.5 (-6.3 to 3.3)

-1.8 (-7.6 to 4.0)

0.51

449.4

 

BRS

Crude

Ref

-7.1 (-22.1 to 7.9)

-7.6 (-19.8 to 4.5)

-8.1 (-21.4 to 5.3)

0.17

105.7

  

Model 1

Ref

-7.0 (-22.1 to 8.0)

-5.7 (-18.8 to 7.4)

-12.5 (-28.9 to 3.9)

0.15

43.0

  

Model 2

Ref

-7.0 (-22.1 to 8.2)

-6.7 (-20.3 to 6.8)

-12.9 (-29.4 to 3.6)

0.12

54.0

  1. Bold signifies p < 0.05.
  2. MDI: mental development index, PDI: psychomotor development index, BRS: behavioral rating scale.
  3. Model 1 of 6 months adjusted for baseline characteristics (maternal age, maternal education, log income, parity, maternal BMI, birth weight), age at BSID assessment on 6 months, weight of infants at 6 months, and HOME score at 6 months. For Model 1 of 24 months, baseline characteristics plus age at BSID assessment on 24 months, weight of infants at 24 months, and HOME score at 6 months were adjusted. For Model 1 of 36 months, baseline characteristics plus age at BSID assessment on 36 months, weight of infants at 36 months, and HOME score at 36 months were adjusted. Model 2 of all months adjusted Model 1 plus log As.