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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study population of the total cohort and the subset of children with cytokine profiles

From: Febrile illness and pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with lower neurodevelopmental scores in Bangladeshi infants living in poverty

Characteristic

Total (N = 398)

Subset (N = 127)

Male sex (%)

217 (54.5)

74 (58.3)

No maternal education (%)

154 (38.7)

41 (32.3)

Monthly family income (BDT)

6869 ± 3510

7939 ± 4742*

Family size

5.5 ± 2.3

5.8 ± 2.9

Maternal BMI < 18.5 (%)

68 (17.1)

18 (14.2)

Exclusive breast feeding (months)

4.0 ± 2.2

3.8 ± 2.3

Low birth weight (%)

131 (32.9)

38 (29.9)

LAZ at birth

-0.95 ± 1.12

-1.04 ± 1.04

LAZ at 12 months

-1.73 ± 1.10

-1.57 ± 1.09

LAZ at 24 months

-2.28 ± 1.08

-2.20 ± 0.78

Courses of antibiotics

12.2 ± 5.5

13.9 ± 5.3*

Diarrheal illness (total days)

16.3 ± 13.1

12.8 ± 11.1*

ARI (total days)

17.1 ± 13.1

11.6 ± 8.4*

Febrile illness (total days)

9.7 ± 7.8

10.2 ± 7.6

  1. Data are expressed as count (%) for categorical measures and mean ± SD for continuous measures.
  2. Asterisk indicates p-value < 0.05 between children with and without cytokines profiles by t-test for continuous measures and χ2 for categorical measures.
  3. Abbreviations: BDT Bangladeshi taka (currency), BMI body mass index, LAZ length-for-age Z-score, ARI acute respiratory infection.
  4. Less than 2500 g.
  5. During first year of life.