From: Child undernutrition in Kenya: trend analyses from 1993 to 2008–09
1993 | 1998 | 2003 | 2008-09 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | n | % | C.I. | n | % | C.I. | n | % | C.I. | n | % | C.I. | Wald F | P-value | Trend | |
Total | M/F | 3,115 | 19.7 | 17.9-21.6 | 3,051 | 17.6 | 16.0-19.4 | 3,148 | 16.0 | 14.4-17.8 | 3,147 | 15.0 | 13.0-17.2 | 11.804 | 0.001 |
|
M | 1,881 | 21.4 | 19.1-23.8 | 1,580 | 19.4 | 17.2-21.9 | 1,880 | 18.7 | 16.4-21.2 | 1,890 | 16.4 | 14.1-19.1 | 7.964 | 0.005 |
| |
F | 1,234 | 17.2 | 14.6-20.2 | 1,471 | 15.6 | 13.6-18.0 | 1,269 | 12.1 | 10.0-14.5 | 1,257 | 12.8 | 10.3-15.7 | 7.237 | 0.007 |
| |
Age | ||||||||||||||||
0-5 months | M | 307 | 13.4 | 9.6-18.4 | 309 | 9.3 | 6.1-14.0 | 381 | 9.8 | 6.7-13.8 | 352 | 5.1 | 3.0-8.4 | 9.369 | 0.002 |
|
F | 178 | 7.6 | 4.5-12.5 | 195 | 8.9 | 5.4-14.4 | 2,001 | 4.4 | 2.2-8.6 | 160 | 5.8 | 2.6-12.5 | 1.781 | 0.182 | ||
6-11 months | M | 379 | 18.0 | 14.0-22.8 | 305 | 16.4 | 12.3-21.4 | 370 | 17.0 | 13.3-21.6 | 386 | 18.2 | 12.3-26.0 | 0.016 | 0.898 | |
F | 189 | 14.1 | 9.4-20.6 | 242 | 10.6 | 6.9-16.2 | 229 | 8.4 | 5.3-13.2 | 187 | 6.2 | 3.2-11.9 | 4.093 | 0.043 |
| |
12-23 months | M | 674 | 26.4 | 22.4-30.9 | 546 | 22.1 | 18.4-26.1 | 649 | 22.1 | 18.0-26.9 | 597 | 17.9 | 14.5-22.0 | 8.317 | 0.004 |
|
F | 371 | 17.6 | 13.5-22.5 | 504 | 16.8 | 13.4-20.8 | 396 | 15.0 | 11.4-19.5 | 439 | 11.4 | 7.5-16.8 | 1.720 | 0.190 | ||
24-35 months | M | 520 | 22.1 | 18.4-26.2 | 420 | 25.8 | 21.2-30.9 | 480 | 22.2 | 18.0-27.2 | 555 | 20.9 | 16.1-26.7 | 0.146 | 0.702 | |
F | 496 | 21.6 | 17.3-26.6 | 530 | 19.3 | 16.0-23.2 | 443 | 14.9 | 11.3-19.5 | 470 | 19.0 | 15.1-23.8 | 3.309 | 0.069 | ||
Province | ||||||||||||||||
Nairobi | M | 72 | 11.5 | 4.9-24.9 | 121 | 13.6 | 8.2-21.8 | 114 | 6.2 | 3.1-12.2 | 93 | 9.2 | 5.2-15.7 | 1.198 | 0.277 | |
F | 51 | 2.7 | 0.4-15.4 | 72 | 2.6 | 0.4-14.7 | 91 | 4.5 | 2.1-9.5 | 80 | 7.3 | 2.7-18.4 | 1.330 | 0.252 | ||
Central | M | 201 | 16.0 | 12.1-21.0 | 138 | 8.4 | 4.6-14.7 | 188 | 12.3 | 8.4-17.8 | 131 | 12.7 | 5.7-25.7 | 0.313 | 0.576 | |
F | 165 | 10.8 | 6.5-17.2 | 149 | 10.8 | 5.8-19.1 | 154 | 9.0 | 5.3-15.0 | 115 | 10.3 | 5.6-18.1 | 0.077 | 0.782 | ||
Coast | M | 173 | 29.5 | 23.0-36.9 | 134 | 23.4 | 15.1-34.5 | 178 | 19.9 | 14.7-26.3 | 178 | 23.2 | 17.3-30.4 | 1.807 | 0.181 | |
F | 110 | 25.7 | 17.5-36.2 | 115 | 19.4 | 14.4-25.4 | 102 | 13.8 | 8.2-22.3 | 109 | 20.9 | 14.4-29.5 | 1.015 | 0.315 | ||
Eastern | M | 357 | 23.7 | 18.2-30.4 | 256 | 22.2 | 16.9-28.7 | 326 | 20.7 | 15.8-26.8 | 275 | 16.9 | 12.0-23.2 | 2.548 | 0.112 | |
F | 262 | 24.3 | 16.9-33.7 | 270 | 18.4 | 14.0-23.8 | 195 | 11.4 | 6.6-19.1 | 235 | 14.3 | 8.6-23.1 | 3.711 | 0.056 | ||
Nyanza | M | 308 | 21.6 | 17.4-26.6 | 315 | 22.7 | 17.6-28.8 | 291 | 14.6 | 10.1-20.8 | 398 | 14.0 | 9.9-19.4 | 6.951 | 0.009 |
|
F | 193 | 20.9 | 15.1-28.1 | 302 | 20.2 | 14.8-27.0 | 214 | 9.1 | 5.2-15.5 | 226 | 10.8 | 7.0-16.3 | 10.394 | 0.002 |
| |
Rift-Valley | M | 432 | 24.0 | 18.9-30.1 | 417 | 19.0 | 15.3-23.5 | 537 | 23.0 | 18.0-28.9 | 570 | 20.2 | 15.7-25.5 | 0.403 | 0.526 | |
F | 271 | 12.8 | 9.2-17.6 | 357 | 13.8 | 10.1-18.4 | 347 | 15.1 | 10.7-21.0 | 331 | 13.6 | 8.2-21.6 | 0.075 | 0.784 | ||
Western | M | 337 | 16.4 | 12.1-22.0 | 197 | 20.0 | 13.2-29.1 | 245 | 21.0 | 14.8-28.9 | 245 | 11.1 | 6.4-18.5 | 0.768 | 0.382 | |
F | 181 | 14.4 | 9.8-20.6 | 207 | 14.6 | 9.7-21.5 | 165 | 16.4 | 11.3-23.2 | 161 | 10.4 | 6.7-15.8 | 0.751 | 0.388 | ||
Residence | ||||||||||||||||
Urban | M | 215 | 12.2 | 8.2-17.8 | 294 | 12.0 | 8.0-17.6 | 335 | 13.7 | 9.2-19.9 | 319 | 13.0 | 8.9-18.7 | 0.144 | 0.704 | |
F | 145 | 8.3 | 4.1-15.9 | 256 | 9.5 | 6.5-13.5 | 241 | 7.4 | 4.4-12.1 | 254 | 8.5 | 4.6-15.3 | 0.025 | 0.874 | ||
Rural | M | 1,665 | 22.6 | 20.1-25.2 | 1,286 | 21.2 | 18.7-23.9 | 1,544 | 19.7 | 17.2-22.6 | 1,570 | 17.1 | 14.5-20.1 | 8.309 | 0.004 |
|
F | 1,089 | 18.4 | 15.5-21.6 | 1,215 | 16.9 | 14.5-19.6 | 1,028 | 13.2 | 10.8-16.0 | 1,003 | 13.8 | 11.1-17.1 | 6.301 | 0.012 |
| |
Maternal Education | ||||||||||||||||
No education | M | 331 | 30.7 | 25.0-37.2 | 174 | 31.1 | 22.3-41.6 | 244 | 32.1 | 25.1-40.0 | 197 | 27.4 | 21.1-34.8 | 0.233 | 0.629 | |
F | 220 | 27.0 | 20.3-35.0 | 148 | 27.0 | 19.5-36.0 | 168 | 19.2 | 13.5-26.7 | 115 | 22.2 | 13.9-33.4 | 1.540 | 0.215 | ||
Incomplete primary | M | 743 | 26.1 | 22.7-29.8 | 596 | 25.8 | 21.9-30.2 | 704 | 21.5 | 18.0-25.4 | 681 | 19.4 | 15.5-23.9 | 7.439 | 0.006 |
|
F | 494 | 18.6 | 15.1-22.8 | 569 | 17.9 | 14.2-22.4 | 476 | 13.4 | 10.1-17.5 | 419 | 15.3 | 11.5-20.2 | 2.466 | 0.117 | ||
Complete primary | M | 383 | 16.8 | 13.1-21.3 | 395 | 13.8 | 10.7-17.7 | 538 | 15.1 | 11.8-19.2 | 590 | 15.5 | 11.4-20.6 | 0.034 | 0.854 | |
F | 231 | 11.8 | 7.9-17.4 | 384 | 16.1 | 12.6-20.4 | 348 | 12.8 | 8.8-18.3 | 376 | 14.2 | 9.8-20.1 | 0.023 | 0.880 | ||
Incomplete secondary | M | 383 | 10.3 | 7.3-14.3 | 152 | 11.0 | 6.5-17.9 | 167 | 13.0 | 7.6-21.4 | 164 | 11.0 | 6.4-18.3 | 0.239 | 0.625 | |
F | 243 | 11.4 | 7.5-16.9 | 139 | 9.4 | 5.3-15.9 | 102 | 4.1 | 1.3-12.4 | 115 | 7.1 | 3.7-13.3 | 2.837 | 0.093 | ||
Secondary + | M | 42 | 8.6 | 2.4-26.4 | 263 | 10.5 | 6.4-16.7 | 227 | 8.1 | 4.9-13.1 | 258 | 6.0 | 3.6-9.8 | 2.163 | 0.142 | |
F | 46 | 12.8 | 5.2-28.2 | 232 | 5.6 | 3.3-9.5 | 175 | 5.0 | 2.5-9.6 | 232 | 3.9 | 1.8-8.1 | 2.529 | 0.112 | ||
Wealth Index | ||||||||||||||||
Poorest | M | 419 | 31.7 | 26.3-37.5 | 398 | 30.9 | 25.6-36.7 | 457 | 24.1 | 19.3-29.6 | 463 | 24.2 | 19.3-29.8 | 5.402 | 0.020 |
|
F | 290 | 22.6 | 17.4-28.7 | 353 | 22.0 | 17.6-27.1 | 277 | 18.4 | 13.2-25.1 | 271 | 16.9 | 12.4-22.6 | 2.718 | 0.100 | ||
Poorer | M | 415 | 25.4 | 20.9-30.6 | 317 | 21.6 | 17.5-26.3 | 398 | 20.7 | 15.8-26.6 | 424 | 19.7 | 14.6-26.0 | 2.204 | 0.138 | |
F | 248 | 20.3 | 15.2-26.5 | 317 | 17.6 | 12.8-23.7 | 282 | 12.4 | 8.5-17.9 | 251 | 15.9 | 10.5-23.3 | 1.788 | 0.182 | ||
Middle | M | 396 | 17.5 | 13.9-21.7 | 308 | 14.3 | 10.3-19.5 | 359 | 16.9 | 12.8-22.0 | 358 | 10.9 | 7.3-15.9 | 3.208 | 0.074 | |
F | 237 | 17.6 | 12.7-23.9 | 271 | 16.0 | 11.8-21.5 | 243 | 14.5 | 10.4-19.8 | 246 | 17.9 | 11.9-26.0 | 0.001 | 0.980 | ||
Richer | M | 367 | 19.3 | 15.2-24.2 | 289 | 17.4 | 12.8-23.2 | 329 | 18.1 | 13.9-23.2 | 318 | 13.4 | 8.2-21.0 | 1.808 | 0.179 | |
F | 241 | 15.2 | 10.5-21.5 | 263 | 11.9 | 7.9-17.6 | 223 | 7.8 | 4.3-13.6 | 248 | 7.6 | 3.8-14.7 | 4.264 | 0.039 |
| |
Richest | M | 285 | 8.6 | 5.6-12.9 | 268 | 8.1 | 5.2-12.3 | 337 | 11.3 | 7.2-17.3 | 326 | 10.4 | 6.0-17.4 | 0.691 | 0.406 | |
F | 219 | 8.4 | 5.0-13.8 | 269 | 8.2 | 5.4-12.3 | 244 | 6.1 | 3.4-10.8 | 241 | 4.9 | 2.6-9.2 | 2.238 | 0.135 |