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Table 3 Course of developmental delay over the 2-year surveillance period in relation to various factors

From: Predictors of severity and outcome of global developmental delay without definitive etiologic yield: a prospective observational study

Factors

 

DQ difference*

P

  

Median

Range

 

Prenatal

    

Fecundation in vitro

yes

9.2

-4.0 to 23.0

0.687

 

no

10.0

-10 to 42.0

 

Drug exposure in pregnancy †

yes

8.5

-10 to 27.0

0.244

 

no

10.0

-5.0 to 42.0

 

Tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy

yes

9

-10.0 to 35.0

0.340

 

no

10.0

-5.0 to 42.0

 

Multiple gestation

yes

9.0

-10.0 to 20.0

0.169

 

no

10.0

-5.0 to 42.0

 

Prematurity

yes

7.5

-10.0 to 18.0

0.022

 

no

10.0

-4.0 to 42.0

 

IUGR

yes

7.0

-10.0 to 15.0

0.006

 

no

10.0

0.0 to 42.0

 

Hypertensive disease of pregnancy ‡

yes

9.5

-10.0 to 38.0

0.904

 

no

10.0

-5.0 to 42.0

 

Hemorrhagic complications of pregnancy §

yes

9.0

-10.0 to 36.0

0.820

 

no

10.00

-5.0 to 42.0

 

Perinatal

    

Cesarean section

yes

10.0

-10.0 to 36.0

0.880

 

no

10.0

-5.0 to 42.0

 

Birth asphyxia

yes

9.0

-5.0 to 35.0

0.620

 

no

10.0

-10.0 to 42.0

 

Neonatal hypoxia ||

yes

8.0

-10.0 to 15.0

0.024

 

no

10.5

0.0 to 42.0

 

Neonatal infection

yes

9.0

-4.0 to 42.0

0.870

 

no

10.0

-10.0 to 35.0

 

Other

    

Low socio-economic status

yes

6.0

-10.0 to 10.0

<0.001

 

no

11.0

0.0 to 42.0

 

Adherence to recommendations and treatment

yes

12.0

0.0 to 42

<0.001

 

no

5.0

-10.0 to 12

 
  1. *calculated as DQ(2-year visit)–DQ(initial visit).
  2. Between-group differences are calculated with Mann–Whitney U test.
  3. †exposure to alcohol and illicit drugs; ‡ preeclampsia, eclampsia; § placental abruption, placenta previa; || need for ventilatory support due to respiratory distress or severe apneas.
  4. DQ indicates developmental quotient; IUGR intrauterine growth restriction.