Sex differences in responses to antiretroviral treatment in South African HIV-infected children on ritonavir-boosted lopinavir- and nevirapine-based treatment

Table 3 Body composition measures of 156 perinatally HIV-infected South African children at the final study visit of Neverest 2 by sex within treatment randomization group, Mean (SD)

Measurement	LPV/r (n = 85)			NVP (n = 71)
	Boys (n = 41)	Girls (n = 44)	P-value	Boys (n = 40)	Girls (n = 31)	P-value
MUAC, cm	16.1 (15.2)	15.5 (2.0)	0.288	15.2 (1.8)	15.1 (2.1)	0.844
MWC: MHC Ratio	1.25 (1.9)	0.93 (0.1)	0.287	0.95 (0.1)	0.95 (0.1)	0.773
SFS, mm	41.9 (12.1)	44.0 (10.1)	0.408	37.2 (9.7)	41.3 (10.3)	0.120
%BF by BIA	14.5 (6.2)	19.2 (7.0)	0.002	10.9 (7.6)	17.9 (6.9)	0.0002
Extremity Fat Area
Arm Fat Area, cm²	5.52 (2.0)	6.05 (2.2)	0.259	4.91 (1.3)	5.65 (2.0)	0.063
% of Fat in Arm	26.6 (5.5)	31.5 (9.6)	0.006	27.2 (8.2)	30.9 (8.2)	0.063
Leg Fat Area, cm²	14.9 (5.5)	16.5 (6.5)	0.236	12.3 (4.4)	15.2 (6.1)	0.025
% of Fat in Leg	20.1 (5.6)	23.4 (7.4)	0.028	17.7 (4.5)	21.6 (6.4)	0.006
Regional Fat Proportion of Total Body Fat
Arm: [(BSF + TSF)/SFS]	0.30 (0.05)	0.30 (0.04)	0.985	0.31 (0.05)	0.29 (0.03)	0.197
Trunk: [(SSF + SISF + USF)/SFS]	0.46 (0.07)	0.45 (0.06)	0.484	0.47 (0.05)	0.47 (0.05)	0.658
Leg: [MTSF/SFS]	0.24 (0.04)	0.25 (0.04)	0.297	0.22 (0.03)	0.24 (0.04)	0.026
Trunk-Extremity Skinfold Ratios
Trunk-Arm: [(SSF + SISF)/(BSF + TSF + SSF + SISF)]	0.49 (0.06)	0.50 (0.06)	0.652	0.50 (0.04)	0.51 (0.06)	0.306
Trunk-Leg: [(SSF + SISF)/(MTSF + SSF + SISF)]	0.55 (0.06)	0.55 (0.07)	0.978	0.58 (0.04)	0.57 (0.06)	0.278

Abbreviations: LPV/r Lopinavir-boosted ritonavir, NVP Nevirapine, MUAC Mid-upper arm circumference, MWC Mid-waist circumference, MHC Maximum hip circumference, BSF Bicep skinfold, TSF Tricep skinfold, SSF Subscapular skinfold, SISF Suprailiac skinfold, USF Umbilical skinfold, MTSF Mid-thigh skinfold, SFS Skinfold sum, %BF Percent body fat, BIA Bioimpedance analysis.
Note: Cumulative skinfold sum (SFS) was calculated by adding BSF, TSF, SSF, SISF, USF, and MTSF. Extremity fat areas, regional fat proportions of total body fat, and trunk-extremity skinfold ratios were calculated as previously reported [22].

ISSN: 1471-2431