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Table 1 Rates of exclusive breastfeeding at 5.25 months post-partum, stratified by maternal characteristics measured at enrollment, for 480 mothers with breastfeeding data

From: Exclusive breastfeeding among women taking HAART for PMTCT of HIV-1 in the Kisumu Breastfeeding Study

   

EBF at 5.25 mo. post-partum*

Variable (n = 480)

Category

Number (%) or median (Range)

KM rate (%)

95% CI (%)

p-value**

Overall

NA

480 (100%)

80.4

(76.5, 83.7)

NA

Ethnic group

Luo

409 (85%)

80.0

(75.7, 83.6)

0.80

 

Luhya

50 (10%)

83.7

(70.1, 91.5)

 
 

Other

21 (4%)

81.0

(56.9, 92.4)

 

Age (years)

15 – 19

64 (13%)

75.6

(62.7, 84.5)

0.50

 

20 – 24

208 (43%)

78.8

(72.6, 83.9)

 
 

25 – 29

132 (28%)

83.8

(76.2, 89.1)

 
 

30 – 43

76 (16%)

82.5

(71.8, 89.5)

 

Median age (years)

 

23 (15 – 43)

   

Primigravid

Yes

113 (24%)

79.9

(71.1, 86.3)

0.89

 

No

367 (76%)

80.5

(76.0, 84.2)

 

Median parity, among multigravid (n = 392)

 

2 (0 – 8)

   

If not primigravid, number of live births (n = 367)

0 – 2

278 (76%)

77.4

(72.0, 82.0)

<0.01

 

3 – 8

89 (24%)

89.8

(81.4, 94.6)

 

Marital status

Single

62 (13%)

84.7

(72.6, 91.7)

0.07

 

Married

357 (74%)

78.5

(73.8, 82.5)

 
 

Separated/divorced

25 (5%)

79.2

(57.0, 90.8)

 
 

Widowed

36 (8%)

91.7

(76.3, 97.2)

 

Living with child’s father (n = 479)

Yes

346 (72%)

78.1

(73.3, 82.2)

0.04

 

No

133 (28%)

86.0

(78.7, 91.0)

 

Number of adults in household (n = 479)

1

16 (3%)

80.0

(50.0, 93.1)

0.43

 

2

129 (27%)

75.9

(67.4, 82.5)

 
 

3

126 (26%)

78.5

(70.2, 84.7)

 
 

4 – 7

186 (39%)

84.0

(77.8, 88.6)

 
 

8 – 14

22 (5%)

85.7

(62.0, 95.2)

 

Median people in household (n = 470)

 

3 (1 – 14)

   

Completed primary education (8 years)

Yes

345 (72%)

81.0

(76.4, 84.8)

0.60

 

No

135 (28%)

78.8

(70.8, 84.9)

 

Highest level of education attended (n = 467)

Primary

286 (61%)

78.6

(73.3, 83.0)

0.14

 

Secondary

162 (35%)

84.7

(78.1, 89.5)

 
 

Tertiary

19 (4%)

68.4

(42.8, 84.4)

 

Mother employed outside of home

Yes

166 (35%)

79.3

(72.1, 84.8)

0.68

 

No

314 (65%)

80.9

(76.1, 84.9)

 

If employed, occupation of mother (n = 166)

Professional/technical/managerial

24 (14%)

73.4

(50.1, 87.1)

0.49

 

All others

142 (86%)

80.3

(72.6, 86.0)

 

Level of income (KSh§/month) (n = 478)

<2,000

61 (13%)

77.8

(64.8, 86.5)

0.90

 

2,000 – 4,999

98 (21%)

80.6

(71.3, 87.2)

 
 

5,000 – 9,999

58 (12%)

76.6

(63.0, 85.7)

 
 

≥10,000

36 (8%)

79.2

(61.3, 89.5)

 
 

Unknown

225 (47%)

81.9

(76.2, 86.4)

 

Viral load (copies/ml) (n = 478)

Undetectable (<400)

27 (6%)

74.1

(53.2, 86.7)

0.28

 

400 – 9,999

110 (23%)

84.1

(75.7, 89.8)

 
 

10,000 – 49,999

138 (29%)

75.5

(67.3, 81.9)

 
 

≥50,000

203 (42%)

82.3

(76.3, 87.0)

 

CD4 count (cells/mm3)

0 – 199

70 (15%)

82.7

(71.5, 89.8)

0.50

 

200 – 349

119 (25%)

82.8

(74.7, 88.6)

 
 

350 – 499

135 (28%)

81.8

(74.1, 87.4)

 
 

≥500

156 (33%)

76.2

(68.6, 82.2)

 

WHO clinical HIV disease stage

Stage 1

403 (84%)

81.5

(77.3, 85.0)

0.38

 

Stage 2

44 (9%)

71.7

(55.5, 82.8)

 
 

Stage 3 or 4

33 (7%)

78.5

(60.0, 89.1)

 

Body mass index (BMI) at enrollment (n = 479)

15.00 – 18.49

5 (1%)

100.0

(47.8, 100.0)

0.72

 

18.50 – 24.99

326 (68%)

79.0

(74.1, 83.1)

 
 

25.00 – 29.99

121 (25%)

82.9

(74.8, 88.6)

 
 

30.00 – 45.00

27 (6%)

81.5

(61.1, 91.8)

 

Initial triple-ARV regimen

ZDV/3TC plus NVP

283 (59%)

79.5

(74.2, 83.8)

0.54

 

ZDV/3TC plus NFV

197 (41%)

81.7

(75.5, 86.5)

 

Disclosed HIV status to husband, child’s father, or partner (n = 302)

Yes

216 (72%)

83.1

(77.3, 87.5)

0.58

 

No

86 (28%)

85.6

(76.1, 91.6)

 
  1. *The Kaplan-Meier (KM) method was used to estimate the rates of EBF at 5.25 months (160 days) post-partum, stratified by maternal characteristics measured at enrollment. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Greenwood variance estimator on the log-log scale.
  2. **The p-value is for Cochran’s Q test of homogeneity at 5.25 months.
  3. §The exchange rate is approximately 85 Kenyan Shillings (KSh) to 1 US dollar (rate varies).