Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study population

Age (months)

18.05 ± 2.44

17.48 ± 2.36

0.149

Weight (kg)

11.89 ± 2.23

12.20 ± 2.59

0.595

Height (cm)

83.90 ± 6.51

84.08 ± 6.99

0.875

Mother Age (year)

24.71 ± 3.11

24.10 ± 3.31

0.250

Number of siblings

2.20 ± 0.85

2.86 ± 0.99

< 0.001

Number of people living in the same house

4.60 ± 0.73

5.45 ± 1.03

< 0.001

Number of people sleeping in the same room with the child

2.68 ± 1.02

3.27 ± 0.48

< 0.001

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

p-value

Vitamin_D

37.0 ± 10.1

33.3 ± 14.0

0.065

Zn

0.73 ± 0.15

0.70 ± 0.13

0.187

Cu

1.22 ± 0.29

1.30 ± 0.28

0.065

Cu/Zn

1.73 ± 0.50

1.89 ± 0.52

0.060

IgE

51.30 ± 20.98

53.14 ± 18.59

0.574

Eosinophil

3 ± 1

3 ± 2

0.133

Control

Wheezy

Variable

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Gender, male

43 (48.3%)

46 (51.7%)

0.480

Consanguineous marriage

39 (57.4%)

29 (42.6%)

0.134

Prenatal smoking (+)

5 (20%)

20 (80%)

0.001

Postnatal smoking (+)

19 (38.8%)

30 (61.2%)

0.042

Attends daycare

7 (23.3%)

23 (76.7%)

0.001

Poor economical status

21 (47.7%)

23 (52.3%)

0.641

Use of stove for heating

17 (35.4%)

31 (64.6%)

0.10

Number of people living in the same house >5

20 (69.0%)

9 (31.0%)

0.028

Person to bedroom ratio >1

13 (54.2%)

11 (45.8%)

0.709

Breastfed >6 months

38 (53.5%)

33 (46.5%)

0.506

Vit. D supplementation

63 (49.6%)

64 (50.4%)

0.522

Sufficient dietary Vit. D

63 (50.4%)

62 (49.6%)

0.876

TE supplementation

12 (48.0%)

13 (52.0%)

0.769

Sufficient dietary TE

46 (57.5%)

34 (42.5%)

0.072