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Table 3 Participant characteristics, Young Lives

From: Factors associated with cognitive achievement in late childhood and adolescence: the Young Lives cohort study of children in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam

 

Peru N = 625

Ethiopia N = 867

India N = 936

Vietnam N = 947

 

R1

R2

R3

R1

R2

R3

R1

R2

R3

R1

R2

R3

Sex (% male)

53

--

--

51

--

--

49

--

--

50

--

--

Same language as interviewer (% yes)

--

--

87.0

--

--

88.2

--

--

82.9

--

--

74.4

Both parents living in household (% yes)

77

--

--

70

--

--

93

--

--

94

--

--

Residence (% urban)

74

60

77

35

40

42

24

25

25

19

20

20

Household size

5.7

5.6

5.4

6.5

6.5

6.4

5.5

5.2

6.1

4.9

4.9

5.4

  sd

2.0

  

2.1

  

2.2

  

1.6

  

Father schooling (y)

3.9

--

--

3.7

--

--

4.6

--

--

7.6

--

--

  sd

.9

  

4.0

  

4.8

  

3.7

  

Mother schooling (y)

3.5

--

--

2.7

--

--

2.8

--

--

6.8

--

--

  sd

1.5

  

3.5

  

3.9

  

3.8

  

Father schooling (% missing)

20

--

--

6

--

--

.5

--

--

3

--

--

Birth order

1.7

--

--

1.8

--

--

1.7

--

--

1.6

--

--

  sd

1.0

  

.8

  

1.0

  

1.0

  

Mother age

34.0

--

--

34.1

--

--

30.6

--

--

34.4

--

--

  sd

6.8

  

7.1

  

5.6

  

5.8

  

Wealth (deciles)

4.6

5.2

5.9

2.2

3.0

3.5

4.1

4.7

5.2

4.5

5.2

6.0

  sd

2.1

  

1.8

  

2.0

  

2.1

  

Height-for-age Z-score

-1.42

-1.54

-1.48

-1.48

-1.40

-1.37

-1.57

-1.64

-1.66

-1.47

-1.47

-1.43

  sd

1.03

  

1.28

  

1.29

  

.99

  
  1. Notes: Data from a single round only (e.g., maternal and paternal schooling) were found to have little to no variation from round to round and were thus only represented once in subsequent regression models.