Table 1 Anthropometry and body composition parameters determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Age

12.90 ± 1.95

12.86 ± 2.14

12.88 ± 2.04

0.939

Pubertal status n (%) Tanner stage ≥ 3

16 (53.3%)

26 (74.3%)

42 (64.6%)

0.078^c

Anthropometry

Height (cm)

165.5 ± 11.8

160.4 ± 9.1

162.8 ± 10.6

0.052

Height z-score

1.52 ± 1.57

1.21 ± 1.24

1.35 ± 1.39

0.373

Weight (kg)

95.20 ± 20.7

84.17 ± 19.4

89.2 ± 20.5

0.028

Weight z-score

3.31 ± 0.71

3.19 ± 0.91

3.24 ± 0.82

0.541

BMI

34.5 ± 5.5

32.5 ± 5.9

33.4 ± 5.8

0.149

BMI z-score

3.27 ± 0.51

2.98 ± 0.66

3.11 ± 0.61

0.057

Obese n (%)^b

28 (93.3%)

31 (86.1%)

59 (89.4%)

0.343^c

Overweight n (%)^b

2 (6.7%)

5 (13.9%)

7 (10.6%)

Reference body composition (DXA)

Fat mass (kg)

41.79 ± 11.27

40.67 ± 12.69

41.18 ± 12.00

0.708

Fat-free mass (kg)

52.94 ± 13.26

42.81 ± 7.71

47.42 ± 11.67

0.001

Bone mineral content (kg)

2.75 ± 0.65

2.62 ± 0.67

2.67 ± 0.66

0.430

Total body fat %

45.37 ± 8.00

49.30 ± 6.63

47.51 ± 7.49

0.033