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Table 3 Changes in primary and secondary outcomes

From: Effects of exercise on BMI z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Variable

Studies (#)

ES (#)

Participants (#)

Χ ¯ 95 % CI

Z( p)

Q( p)

I 2 (%)

95% PI

Primary

        

- BMI (z-score)

10

11

835

-0.06 (-0.09, -0.03)*

-4.32(<0.001)

24.9(0.01)*

59.8

-0.15, 0.02

Secondary

        

- Body weight (kg)

6

6

474

-0.74 (-1.18, -0.30)*

-3.29(<0.001)

4.8(0.44)

0

-1.36, -0.12*

- BMI (kg.m2)

8

8

562

-0.47 (-0.86, -0.08)*

-2.38(0.02)

24.5(<0.001)*

71.4

-1.67, 0.73

- BMI (percentile)

4

4

104

-0.10 (-0.18, -0.02)*

-2.53(0.01)

1.1(0.78)

0

-0.27, 0.07

- Fat mass (kg)

5

5

426

-0.65 (-1.15, -0.16)*

-2.58(<0.01)

4.7(0.32)

14.9

-1.72, 0.42

- Body Fat (%)

9

9

759

-0.96 (-1.43, -0.50)*

-4.04(<0.001)

16.6(0.03)*

51.8

-2.27, 0.35

- Fat-free mass (kg)

5

5

148

-0.07 (-0.62, 0.48)

-0.26(0.79)

10.6( 0.03)*

62.3

--

- Waist circumference (cm)

3

3

377

0.27 (-2.08, 2.62)

0.23(0.82)

4.7( 0.09)*

57.5

--

- Waist-to-hip ratio

2

2

100

-0.03 (-0.09, 0.04)

-0.71(0.48)

24.5 (<0.001)*

95.9

--

- Systolic BP (mmHg)

6

6

215

-2.66 (-7.73, 2.41)

-1.03(0.30)

16.7( 0.01)*

70.0

--

- Diastolic BP (mmHg)

5

5

148

-1.46 (-4.73, 1.80)

-0.88(0.38)

6.2(0.19)

35.0

--

- TC (mg/dl)

4

4

120

0.06 (-7.00, 7.12)

0.02(0.99)

2.4(0.50)

0

--

- HDL-C (mg/dl)

5

5

187

1.70 (-1.08, 4.49)

1.20(0.23)

10.5( 0.03)*

61.8

--

- TC:HDL-C

3

3

76

-0.22 (-0.47, 0.02)

-1.78(0.07)

0.5(0.79)

0

--

- LDL-C (mg/dl)

5

5

187

-1.53 (-8.78, 5.71)

-0.42(0.68)

7.9( 0.09)*

49.6

--

- TG (mg/dl)

5

5

185

-12.46 (-24.7, - 0.22)*

-1.99(0.05)

1.7(0.78)

0

-32.3, 7.4

- Non-HDL-C (mg/dl)

3

3

76

0.40 (-7.67, 8.46)

0.10(0.92)

0.83(0.66)

0

--

- Fasting glucose (mg/dl)

6

6

418

-0.60 (-2.13, 0.93)

-0.77(0.44)

7.23(0.20)

30.8

--

- Fasting insulin (smd)

6

7

405

-0.39 (-0.57, - 0.21)*

-4.25(<0.001)

5.93(0.43)

0

-0.6, - 0.15*

- VO2max (ml.kg-1.min-1)

7

8

695

1.92 (0.67, 3.17)*

3.02(<0.001)

16.9( 0.02)*

58.6

-1.60, 5.45

- Energy intake (kcals)

2

2

37

-346 (- 506, - 188)*

-4.24(<0.001)

0.02(0.88)

0

--

  1. Notes: #, number; ES, effect size; Χ ¯ 95 % CI , mean and 95% confidence interval; Z(p), Z value and alpha value for Z; Q(p), Cochran’s Q statistic and alpha value for Q; I 2 (%), I-squared; 95% PI, 95% prediction intervals; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC:HDL-C, ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; Non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; smd, standardized mean difference; VO2max, maximum oxygen consumption; kcals, kilocalories;*, statistically significant; --, Not calculated; Boldfaced items indicate statistical significance.