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Table 1 Incidence rate by gender and seasons of moderate clinical malnutrition (McM), marasmus, moderate wasting, severe wasting, moderate stunting and severe stunting

From: Incidence and course of child malnutrition according to clinical or anthropometrical assessment: a longitudinal study from rural DR Congo

 

Age standardized incidence rate per 1 000 child-month, (95% CI)

 

Dry season, post-harvest

Beginning rain, pre-harvest

Rainy season

End of rainy season, post-harvest

 

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Girls

Boys

Clinical malnutrition

McM1

28.7 (23.8, 34.7)

41.3 (35.4, 48.2)*

35.5 (30.1, 41.8)

42.3 (36.3, 49.2)

16.1 (13.1, 19.8)

22.2 (18.7, 26.3)

23.0 (19.8, 26.6)

29.5 (25.9, 33.6)

Marasmus2

3.5 (2.0, 6.0)

12.0 (9.0, 16.1)*

3.5 (2.1, 5.9)

7.3 (4.4, 12.3)

9.7 (7.3, 12.8)

8.5 (6.4, 11.4)

6.1 (4.6, 8.1)

7.1 (5.5, 9.2)

Kwashiorkor3

0.5

0.0

0

0.2

0.7 (0.3, 1.9)

1.7 (0.9, 3.2)

1.7 (1.0, 2.9)

0.8 (0.4, 1.7)

Anthropometrical malnutrition

Moderate wasting4

7.9 (5.4, 11.4)

5.6 (3.7, 8.6)

6.5 (4.4, 9.6)

9.3 (6.8, 12.8)

9.9 (7.5, 13.1)

14.8 (11.9, 18.5)

5.7 (4.2, 7.6)

6.9 (5.4, 9.0)

Severe wasting5

0.3 (0.0, 2.0)

1.6 (0.7, 3.6)

0.4 (0.1, 1.9)

0.6 (0.2, 2.2)

1.5 (0.7, 3.0)

3.1 (1.9, 5.1)

1.0 (0.5, 2.0)

1.1 (0.5, 1.9)

Moderate stunting6

32.8 (27.2, 39.7)

27.8 (22.7, 34.0)

16.6 (12.9, 21.4)

13.5 (10.3, 17.7)

22.9 (18.9, 27.7)

21.9 (18.1, 26.5)

22.2 (19.0, 26.0)

15.6 (13.0, 18.7)*

Severe stunting7

2.1 (1.0, 4.5)

3.5 (2.0, 6.2)

2.3 (1.2, 4.5)

2.1 (1.0, 4.2)

1.2 (0.5, 3.0)

2.7 (1.6, 4.7)

1.2 (0.6, 2.4)

2.7 (1.8, 4.2)

  1. The incidence rates are given per 1 000 child months. N = 3 620. *Confidence interval non-overlapping with that of girls.
  2. 1Identified as the presence of wasting of the gluteus muscle at inspection and/or palpation without signs of marasmus or kwashiorkor.
  3. 2Assessed by inspection of abnormal visibility of skeletal structures and by absence or near-absence of palpable gluteus muscle.
  4. 3Assessed using the presence of pitting oedema of the ankles and/or feet as a criterion.
  5. 4Weight-for-length/height Z-score <-2 to >-3.
  6. 5Weight-for-length/height Z-score <-3.
  7. 6Length/height-for-age Z-score <-2 to >-3.