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Table 1 Demographics, comorbidities, and injury characteristics at first event in children with and without recurrent events

From: Risk factors for recurrent injuries in victims of suspected non-accidental trauma: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristic (Total N = 1361)

No suspected recurrent NAT events, (N = 988)

Suspected recurrent NAT events, (N = 373)

Hazard ratio

(95% CI)

P***

Male

492 (49.8)

207 (55.5)

1.15

0.97

1.36

0.10

Lives in urban area*

760 (77.6)

266 (71.3)

0.71

0.59

0.86

<0.001

Age in months

      

0-6

298 (30.2)

123 (33.0)

ref

  

0.03

6-12

187 (18.9)

81 (21.7)

0.88

0.68

1.15

 

12-18

168 (17.0)

80 (21.5)

1.10

0.85

1.41

 

18-24

120 (12.2)

44 (11.8)

1.06

0.79

1.41

 

24-30

77 (7.8)

28 (7.5)

1.04

0.75

1.45

 

>30

138 (14.0)

17 (4.6)

0.62

0.42

0.90

 

Injury type, N (%)

      

Fracture

234 (23.7)

81 (21.7)

0.903

0.722

1.13

0.37

Dislocation

19 (1.9)

15 (4.0)

1.751

1.17

2.621

0.007

Burn

49 (5.0)

21 (5.6)

0.985

0.676

1.435

0.94

Retinal hemorrhage

30 (3.0)

11 (3.0)

1.575

0.838

2.96

0.16

Intracranial

67 (6.8)

20 (5.4)

0.938

0.617

1.426

0.76

Abdominal thoracic

17 (1.7)

4 (1.1)

0.707

0.302

1.655

0.42

Open wound

59 (6.0)

45 (12.1)

1.564

1.243

1.968

0.001

Superficial Injuries

55 (5.6)

59 (15.8)

1.616

1.266

2.063

<0.001

Contusions

176 (17.8)

93 (24.9)

1.195

0.972

1.469

0.09

Spinal cord

6 (0.6)

1 (0.3)

0.899

0.223

3.614

0.88

Location of injury, N (%)

      

Head/neck

192 (19.4)

83 (22.3)

0.996

0.806

1.232

0.97

Face

40 (4.1)

24 (6.4)

1.468

1.051

2.051

0.02

Chest

52 (5.3)

12 (3.2)

0.723

0.448

1.166

0.18

Abdomen and pelvic contents

40 (4.1)

9 (2.4)

0.748

0.452

1.24

0.26

Extremities or pelvic girdle

238 (24.1)

99 (26.5)

1.149

0.948

1.391

0.16

External

370 (37.5)

178 (47.7)

1.221

1.013

1.472

0.04

Mechanism of injury, N (%)

      

Cut/pierce

4 (0.4)

2 (0.5)

1.335

0.673

2.648

0.41

Fall

160 (16.2)

63 (16.9)

1.238

0.992

1.543

0.06

Fire/Burn

35 (3.5)

12 (3.2)

0.958

0.618

1.485

0.85

Natural/environmental

9 (0.9)

3 (0.8)

0.829

0.361

1.906

0.66

Poisoning

14 (1.3)

3 (0.8)

0.95

0.33

2.733

0.92

Struck by/against

43 (4.4)

20 (5.4)

1.021

0.704

1.482

0.91

Number of injuries, N (%)

      

0

387 (39.2)

86 (23.1)

ref

  

<0.001

1

182 (18.4)

115 (30.8)

1.803

1.435

2.265

 

2

140 (14.2)

85 (22.8)

1.594

1.231

2.063

 

3

63 (6.4)

31 (8.3)

1.378

0.953

1.992

 

4

59 (6.0)

16 (4.3)

1.103

0.689

1.766

 

≥5

157 (15.9)

40 (10.7)

1.161

0.841

1.601

 

Injury Severity (TMPM-ICD9 probability of death)**, median (IQR)

0.046 (0.013, 0.107)

0.023 (0.010, 0.069)

0.478

0.104

2.194

0.34

  1. Characteristics shown were determined at the first event. *Based on the child's zip code at their first event and on data from the 2000 Census. **TMPM-ICD9 = trauma mortality prediction model, Group without recurrent event(s): N = 502, Group with recurrent event(s): N = 193. ***P value in a univariable Cox proportional hazards Prentice, Williams and Peterson gap time (PWP-GT) model for time between events. The first four recurrent events were included in the models. Values of the risk factors at the previous event were the independent variables in this model, with the exception of the zip code based variables, which were determined only at the first event.
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BMC Pediatrics

ISSN: 1471-2431

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