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Table 1 Studies included in the meta-analysis

From: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the nutrient content of preterm and term breast milk

Reference

Site

Subjects

Reported outcomes

  

  Preterm

 n

  Term

 n

 

Anderson et al., 1983 [18]

US

28-36 weeks

14

37-42 weeks

9

E, Pro, fat

Arnold et al., 1987 [130]

Australia

26-33 weeks

6

38-40 weeks

7

Pro, lactose

Atkinson et al., 1980 [15]

Canada

26-33 weeks

13

38-40 weeks

10

Ca, P

Atkinson et al., 1981 [19]

Canada

BW < 1300 g

7

-

 

E, Pro, lactose, fat

Bejiers et al., 1992 [128]

Netherlands

25.7–30.9 weeks

30

-

 

Pro

Britton et al., 1986 [137]

US

25-35 weeks

70

38-42 weeks

38

Pro

Butte et al., 1984 [13]

US

< 37 weeks

8

≥ 37 weeks

13

Pro, Ca, P

Butte et al., 1984 [122]

US

-

 

Term

40

E, Pro, fat

Butte NF et al., 1990 [123]

US

-

 

39.9 ± 0.9 weeks

40

E, Pro, lactose, fat

Coppa et al., 1993 [140]

Italy

-

 

Term

46

Lactose, oligo

Coppa et al., 1997 [141]

Italy

27-35 weeks

26

-

 

Oligo

Corvaglia et al., 2008 [20]

Italy

26-32 weeks

55

37-41 weeks

69

Pro

Cregan MD, 2002 [135]

Australia

31-35 weeks

22

> 38 weeks

16

Pro, lactose

Ehrenkranz et al., 1984 [142]

US

26-33 weeks

21

-

 

fat

Faerk et al., 2001 [133]

Denmark

< 32 weeks

101

-

 

Pro

Ferris et al., 1988 [21]

US

-

 

> 37 weeks

12

Pro, lactose

Garza et al., [124]

US

-

 

Term

10

E

Gabrielli et al., 2011 [143]

Italy

25-30 weeks

63

-

 

Lactose, oligo

Gross et al., 1980 [131]

US

28-36 weeks

33

38-42 weeks

18

Pro, lactose, Ca

Guerrini et al., 1981 [144]

Italy

29-37 weeks

25

38-42 weeks

47

fat

Hibberd et al., 1982 [11]

UK, Germany

-

 

> 37 weeks

10

E, Pro, lactose, fat, Ca

Hosoi et al., 2005 [134]

Japan

-

 

Term

114

Pro

Hurgoiu et al., 1986 [145]

Romania

27-34 weeks

28

-

 

Ca

Itabashi et al., 1999 [129]

Japan

26-33 weeks

15

-

 

Pro, lactose, Ca, P

Lepage et al., 1984 [120]

Canada, US

26-36 weeks

32

> 37 weeks

19

E, Pro

Lemons et al., 1982 [12]

US

27-37 weeks

20

39-41 weeks

7

E, Pro, lactose, fat, Ca, P

Maas et al., 1998 [22]

Netherlands

25-29 weeks

79

-

 

E, Pro, lactose, fat

Michaelsen et al., 1994 [139]

Denmark

-

 

37-41weeks

91

Pro, fat, lactose

Montagne et al., 1999 [136]

France

< 37 weeks

46

> 37 weeks

28

Pro

Motil et al., 1997 [125]

US

-

 

38-42 weeks

10

E, Pro

Nommsen et al., 1991 [127]

US

-

 

Term

58

E, Pro, fat

Reinken et al., 1985 [132]

Germany

28-33 weeks

16

38-40 weeks

24

Pro

Saarela et al., 2005 [6]

Finland

31.4 ± 3 weeks

36

40.2 ± 1.4 weeks

53

E, Pro, lactose, fat

Sadurskis et al., 1998 [119]

Sweden

  

Term

23

E

Sanchez-Pozo et al., 1986 [138]

Spain

  

Term

209

Protein

Sann et al., 1981 [146]

France

26-35 weeks

41

38-41 weeks

61

Pro, lactose, fat, Ca, P,

Schanler et al., 1980 [14]

US

29.7 ± 0.5 weeks

16

-

 

Pro, Ca

Thomas et al., 1986 [121]

US

30-34 weeks

20

-

 

E, Pro, lactose, fat

Yamawaki et al., 2005 [23]

Japan

-

 

BW > 2500 g

1180

Pro, lactose, Ca, P

Viverge et al., 1990 [147]

France

-

 

Term

15

Lactose, oligo

Wood et al., 1988 [126]

US

-

 

37-42 weeks

22

E

Total

  

843

 

2299

 
  1. E = energy, Pro = protein, oligo = oligosaccharides, Ca = calcium, P = phosphate, BW = birth weight, g = gram, UK = United Kingdom, US = United States.