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Table 1 Clinical outcomes during first hospitalisation

From: The OPTIMIST-A trial: evaluation of minimally-invasive surfactant therapy in preterm infants 25–28 weeks gestation

Physiological BPD [42]

Duration of intubation (all episodes)

Clinical BPD (oxygen or positive pressure support at 36 weeks corrected gestation) [45]

Duration of CPAP/NIPPV (all episodes)

Mild/moderate/severe BPD [45]

Duration of intubation and CPAP

Death

Duration of HFNC, minimum flow rate 2 L/min

Death or BPD (clinical definition)

Duration of respiratory support

Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) (all grades)

Duration of oxygen therapy

IVH grades III and IV [46]

Requirement for oxygen at home

Cystic periventricular leukomalacia

Length of stay in intensive care

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) > stage II

Length of hospital stay

Major morbidity (any of IVH grade III or IV, periventricular leukomalacia, ROP > stage II, physiological BPD) [47]

Total hospital billings

Death or major morbidity

Calculated cost of hospitalisation

NEC (Modified Bell stage 2 or greater) [48]

Pneumothorax requiring drainage

NEC or spontaneous intestinal perforation requiring surgery

Pulmonary haemorrhage

Requirement for intubation < 72 h

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) requiring anti-prostaglandin therapy

Requirement for intubation at any time

PDA requiring ligation

Need for additional surfactant therapy

Late onset sepsis (positive bacterial or fungal culture from a normally sterile site)

Overall number of surfactant doses (including that given by MIST)

Time to regain birth weight