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Table 3 Multinomial regression analyses of sleep variables associated with BMI categories §

From: Sleep and body mass index in adolescence: results from a large population-based study of Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 19 years

 

Short sleep weekdays#

Short sleep weekends#

Insomnia

OSA symptoms

 

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

OR

95% CI

Unadjusted analyses

 Obesity

2.11

1.62-2.74

1.69

1.10-2.60

1.73

1.32-2.28

4.39

3.00-6.44

 Overweight

1.47

1.26-1.72

1.31

1.00-1.71

1.36

1.16-1.59

2.18

1.66-2.86

 Underweight

2.41

1.65-3.52

0.88

0.37-2.06

1.65

1.09-2.51

0.49

0.12-2.02

Adj. for demographics (age, gender, parental education and family income)

 Obesity

2.11

1.61-2.75

1.64

1.06-2.55

1.75

1.32-2.31

4.28

2.91-6.29

 Overweight

1.51

1.29-1.77

1.33

1.02-1.75

1.46

1.24-1.71

2.10

1.59-2.77

 Underweight

2.22

1.51-3.27

0.84

0.36-1.99

1.49

0.97-2.27

0.53

0.13-2.15

Adj. for demographics + physical activity

 Obesity

2.04

1.56-2.68

1.79

1.15-2.78

1.73

1.30-2.30

4.25

2.86-6.30

 Overweight

1.49

1.27-1.75

1.31

0.99-1.73

1.44

1.22-1.69

2.10

1.58-2.79

 Underweight

2.12

1.43-3.14

0.89

0.37-2.10

1.34

0.97-2.09

0.26

0.04-1.87

Adj. for demographics + depression

 Obesity

1.60

1.21-2.12

1.37

0.88-2.14

1.25

0.93-1.69

3.53

2.37-5.25

 Overweight

1.34

1.14-1.58

1.21

0.91-1.59

1.26

1.07-1.50

1.96

1.48-2.60

 Underweight

1.87

1.25-2.81

0.72

0.30-1.70

1.12

0.71-1.75

0.46

0.1-13.88

Adj. for demographics, physical activity and depression

 Obesity

1.58

1.19-2.09

1.45

0.92-2.28

1.25

0.93-1.69

3.69

2.47-5.51

 Overweight

1.33

1.12-1.57

1.20

0.90-1.59

1.24

1.05-1.47

1.98

1.49-2.64

 Underweight

1.78

1.18-2.68

0.75

0.32-1.80

1.06

0.67-1.67

0.23

0.03-1.69

Adj. for demographics, physical activity, depression and two other sleep variables (sleep duration, insomnia or OSA symptoms)$

 Obesity

1.51

1.10-2.08

1.42

0.87-2.31

1.14

0.83-1.58

3.52

2.35-5.26

 Overweight

1.23

1.02-1.47

1.16

0.85-1.58

1.20

0.99-1.44

1.90

1.42-2.53

 Underweight

1.88

1.20-2.95

0.91

0.38-2.21

0.98

0.60-1.59

0.22

0.03-1.60

  1. §Reference: Normal weight range.
  2. #Compared to normal sleep duration (>5 hours to < 8 hours).
  3. $For short sleep, the effect was adjusted additionally for insomnia and OSA symptoms; for insomnia, the effect was additionally adjusted for sleep duration and OSA etc.
  4. Bold font denotes statistical significant OR at p < .05.