Table 3 16-week diet comparison in obese children and adolescents with any MetS component
Mediterrean style diet | Standard diet | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline mean ± SD | 16-week mean ± SD | Δ baseline versus 16-week | p* | Baseline mean ± SD | 16-week mean ± SD | Δ baseline versus 16-week | p* | |||
Mean difference | 95% CI | Mean difference | 95% CI | |||||||
Energy (Kcal) | 1848.9 ± 493.5 | 1706.7 ± 355.3 | -142.1 | -322.6, 38.3 | 0.117 | 1754.7 ± 570.4 | 1651.7 ± 367.4 | -103.0 | -285.2, 79.4 | 0.255 |
Fiber (g) | 11.0 ± 4.7 | 16.9 ± 4.85 | 5.9 | 3.7, 8.0 | 0.001 | 9.10 ± 5.1 | 8.05 ± 4.1 | -1.05 | -3.5, 1.5 | 0.423 |
Cholesterol (mg) | 167.6 ± 60.5 | 144.9 ± 61.5 | -22.6 | -49.0, 3.8 | 0.090 | 295.9 ± 246.6 | 210.7 ± 206.9 | -85.2 | -237.2, 66.8 | 0.259 |
CHO (g) | 230.3 ± 72.4 | 203.1 ± 33.9 | -27.2 | -57.3, 2.9 | 0.075 | 204.5 ± 93.4 | 197.7 ± 72.3 | 6.8 | -30.6, 17.0 | 0.562 |
CHO (%) | 49.5 ± 6.8 | 48.0 ± 4.4 | -1.5 | -4.6, 1.6 | 0.428 | 45.8 ± 10.2 | 47.0 ± 9.9 | 1.2 | -2.8, 5.2 | 0.551 |
Proteins (g) | 69.3 ± 18.4 | 72.3 ± 11.5 | 3.0 | -4.9, 10.8 | 0.449 | 60.9 ± 16.8 | 58.2 ± 17.0 | -2.7 | -9.8, 4.5 | 0.458 |
Proteins (%) | 15.2 ± 3.0 | 17.1 ± 2.1 | 1.9 | 0.4, 3.4 | 0.012 | 14.3 ± 3.1 | 14.0 ± 3.3 | -0.3 | -1.4, 0.9 | 0.688 |
Lipids (%) | 35.6 ± 6.4 | 35.1 ± 4.8 | -0.5 | -3.3, 2.3 | 0.719 | 39.9 ± 9.4 | 38.9 ± 9.4 | -1.0 | -5.1, 3.2 | 0.640 |
SFA (%) | 30.2 ± 3.9 | 27.7 ± 4.2 | -2.5 | -4.6, -0.3 | 0.024 | 34.4 ± 9.6 | 33.1 ± 7.5 | -1.3 | -5.7, 3.1 | 0.556 |
MUFA (%) | 41.1 ± 2.7 | 42.3 ± 3.8 | 1.2 | -0.2, 2.7 | 0.094 | 40.4 ± 5.7 | 40.0 ± 4.2 | -0.4 | -2.5, 1.8 | 0.742 |
PUFA (%) | 28.7 ± 4.0 | 29.9 ± 4.2 | 1.2 | -0.4, 2.9 | 0.144 | 25.2 ± 5.6 | 26.8 ± 5.9 | 1.6 | -1.4, 4.7 | 0.292 |
Omega 9 FA (g) | 24.9 ± 10.4 | 30.2 ± 12.4 | 5.3 | 0.8, 9.7 | 0.021 | 27.7 ± 12.9 | 24.4 ± 9.9 | -3.3 | -9.9, 3.4 | 0.330 |
Sodium (mg) | 1418.8 ± 367.2 | 1326.4 ± 432.6 | -92.33 | -270.0, 85.3 | 0.294 | 1297.4 ± 578.7 | 1182.9 ± 553.5 | -114.5 | -366.0, 137.0 | 0.357 |
Potassium (mg) | 1614.8 ± 515.5 | 1545.1 ± 374.0 | -69.6 | -257.3, 118.2 | 0.007 | 1491.6 ± 599.7 | 1565.9 ± 656.6 | 74.3 | -168.7, 317.3 | 0.534 |
Zinc (mg) | 4.7 ± 1.4 | 6.4 ± 2.5 | 1.7 | 0.7, 2.5 | 0.001 | 3.7 ± 1.65 | 4.0 ± 2.03 | 0.3 | -0.4, 1.0 | 0.446 |
Selenium (μg) | 24.0 ± 8.5 | 35.4 ± 8.4 | 11.4 | 6.6, 16.0 | <0.001 | 14.9 ± 18.2 | 16.7 ± 11.65 | 1.8 | -3.5, 7.2 | 0.490 |
Vitamin C (mg) | 52.0 ± 40.5 | 85. 6 ± 79.7 | 33.6 | 2.1, 64.8 | 0.037 | 67.6 ± 62.9 | 55.5 ± 70.9 | -12.1 | -43.4, 19.2 | 0.435 |
Vitamin E (mg) | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 7. 9 ± 2.9 | 4.3 | 2.6, 5.8 | <0.001 | 1.44 ± 2.2 | 1.37 ± 2.6 | 0.07 | -0.93, 1.08 | 0.880 |
Flavonoids (mg) | 12.4 ± 5.1 | 20.2 ± 5.4 | 7.8 | 5.4, 10.0 | <0.001 | 2.9 ± 4.25 | 2.7 ± 4.1 | -0.2 | -2.2, 1.7 | 0.819 |